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Cited by 84Physical Activity and HealthObesity, Physical Activity, DietPhysical Education and Pedagogy

Physical Activity and the Achievement Gap Among Urban Minority Youth

Basch, Charles E.·2011·Journal of School Health
DOI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00637.x
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Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To outline the prevalence and disparities of physical activity among school-aged urban minority youth, causal pathways through which low levels of physical activity and fitness adversely affects academic achievement, and proven or promising approaches for schools to increase physical activity and physical fitness among youth. METHODS: Literature review. RESULTS: A large proportion of youth is insufficiently physically active. Estimates of population-wide levels of physical activity indicate that Black and Hispanic youth are less physically active than White youth, with disparities particularly evident for females. The population segments of youth with lowest levels of physical activity and fitness also have least access to school-based physical activity opportunities and resources. Physical activity affects metabolism and all major body systems, exerting powerful positive influences on the brain and spinal cord and, consequently, on emotional stability, physical health, and motivation and ability to learn. The cornerstone of school-based physical activity programs should be a high-quality physical education program based on national standards. Such programs are strongly recommended by the Task Force on Community Preventive Services as a way to increase physical activity and physical fitness among youth. CONCLUSIONS: Physical inactivity is highly and disproportionately prevalent among school-aged urban minority youth, has a negative impact on academic achievement through its effects on cognition, and effective practices are available for schools to address this problem. Increasing students' physical activity and physical fitness can best be achieved through a comprehensive approach that includes physical education, wise use of recess and after-school times, co-curricular physical activity opportunities, and bicycling or walking to and from school.

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Crossref · 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00637.x

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155 of 155 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • More participation in physical education class is associated with better grades, standardized test scores, and classroom behavior.

    “more participation in physical education class is associated with better grades, standardized test scores, and classroom behavior.12,15,19,21,26,29,33,36”

    From Critical connections: health and academics (2015) · cites this paper as [12]

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Authors
Basch, C. E.
Affiliations
Columbia University (US)
Corresponding author
Basch, Charles E.
ORCID
Basch, Charles E.
Venue
Journal of School Health
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2011-09-16
Volume
81
Issue
10
Pages
626-634
ISSN
0022-4391 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1111/j.1746-1561.2011.00637.x
OpenAlex
W2105201544
Cited by
84
References
155
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 2
FWCI
0.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1 (tdm, 1446 d)
Locations
  • Journal of School Health (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Physical Education and Pedagogy
Keywords
physical activity, achievement gap, urban minority youth, racial and ethnic disparities, physical fitness, academic performance, physical education, school-based physical activity intervention, recess, after-school programs, gender disparities
MeSH terms
Absenteeism, Achievement, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Age Factors, Attention, Child, Child Welfare, Cognition, Curriculum, Health Promotion, Humans, Learning, Minority Groups, Motor Activity, Physical Fitness, Risk Factors, School Health Services, Schools, Socioeconomic Factors, Students, United States, Urban Population, Prevalence, Health Status Disparities

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