The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 69 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Chronic resistance training activates autophagy and reduces apoptosis of muscle cells by modulating IGF-1 and its receptors, Akt/mTOR and Akt/FOXO3a signaling in aged rats
Abstract
Resistance exercise training (RET) remains the most effective treatment for the loss of muscle mass and strength in elderly people. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Recent evidence suggests that autophagic signaling is altered in aged skeletal muscles. This study aimed to investigate if RET affects IGF-1 and its receptors, the Akt/mTOR, and Akt/FOXO3a signaling pathways and regulates autophagy and apoptosis in the gastrocnemius muscles of 18-20 month old rats. The results showed that 9 weeks of RET prevented the loss of muscle mass and improved muscle strength, accompanied by reduced LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, reduced p62 protein levels, and increased levels of autophagy regulatory proteins, including Beclin 1, Atg5/12, Atg7, and the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin L. RET also reduced cytochrome c level in the cytosol but increased its level in mitochondrial fraction, and inhibited cleaved caspase 3 production and apoptosis. Furthermore, RET upregulated the expression of IGF-1 and its receptors but downregulated the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR. In addition, RET upregulated the expression of total AMPK, phosphorylated AMPK, and FOXO3a. Taken together, these results suggest that the benefits of RET are associated with increased autophagy activity and reduced apoptosis of muscle cells by modulating IGF-1 and its receptors, the Akt/mTOR and Akt/FOXO3a signaling pathways in aged skeletal muscles.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Resistance exercise (ladder-climbing training, 3 days/week for 9 weeks) has been shown to enhance autophagy and reduce apoptosis in the skeletal muscle of older rats by modulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and its receptors, as well as the downregulation of Akt/mTOR and Akt/FOXO3a signaling pathways [41].”
From Exerkines and Sarcopenia: Unveiling the Mechanism Behind Exercise-Induced Mitochondrial Homeostasis (2025) · cites this paper as [41]
Citations
Cites
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
Klionsky, D. J., Abdalla, F. C., Abeliovich, H., Abraham, R. T., Acevedo-Arozena, A., Adeli, K., Agholme, L., Agnello, M., Agostinis, P., Aguirre-Ghiso, J. A., et al. (2012) · Autophagy · doi:10.4161/auto.19496 · Cited by 3,996
Bjørkøy, G., Lamark, T., Brech, A., Outzen, H., Perander, M., Øvervatn, A., Stenmark, H., & Johansen, T. (2005) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200507002 · Cited by 3,276
Impairment of starvation-induced and constitutive autophagy in Atg7 -deficient mice
Komatsu, M., Waguri, S., Ueno, T., Iwata, J., Murata, S., Tanida, I., Ezaki, J., Mizushima, N., Ohsumi, Y., Uchiyama, Y., et al. (2005) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200412022 · Cited by 2,331
Rubinsztein, D. C., Mariño, G., & Kroemer, G. (2011) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.030 · Cited by 2,107
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation
Yang, Z., & Klionsky, D. J. (2010) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014 · Cited by 1,956
Regulation of Mammalian Autophagy in Physiology and Pathophysiology
Ravikumar, B., Sarkar, S., Davies, J. E., Futter, M., García-Arencibia, M., Green-Thompson, Z. W., Jiménez-Sánchez, M., Korolchuk, V. I., Lichtenberg, M., Luo, S., et al. (2010) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00030.2009 · Cited by 1,789
A protein conjugation system essential for autophagy
Mizushima, N., Noda, T., Yoshimori, T., Tanaka, Y., Ishii, T., George, M. D., Klionsky, D. J., Ohsumi, M., & Ohsumi, Y. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/26506 · Cited by 1,758
Zhao, J., Brault, J. J., Schild, A., Cao, P., Sandri, M., Schiaffino, S., Lecker, S. H., & Goldberg, A. L. (2007) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.11.004 · Cited by 1,489
Autophagy is required to maintain muscle mass.
Masiero, E., Agatea, L., Mammucari, C., Blaauw, B., Loro, E., Komatsu, M., Metzger, D., Reggiani, C., Schiaffino, S., & Sandri, M. (2009) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2009.10.008 · Cited by 1,282
Musarò, A., McCullagh, K., Paul, A., Houghton, L., Dobrowolny, G., Molinaro, M., Barton, E. R., L Sweeney, H., & Rosenthal, N. (2001) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/84839 · Cited by 1,137
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Oxidative stress response and Nrf2 signaling in aging
Zhang, H., Davies, K. J. A., & Forman, H. J. (2015) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.05.036 · Cited by 804
Exercise is the real polypill.
Fiuza-Luces, C., Garatachea, N., Berger, N. A., & Lucia, A. (2013) · Physiology · doi:10.1152/physiol.00019.2013 · Cited by 791
Physical activity and exercise: Strategies to manage frailty
Angulo, J., El Assar, M., Álvarez-Bustos, A., & Rodríguez-Mañas, L. (2020) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101513 · Cited by 771
Protein breakdown in muscle wasting: Role of autophagy-lysosome and ubiquitin-proteasome
Sandri, M. (2013) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2013.04.023 · Cited by 689
Mitochondrial dysfunction and sarcopenia of aging: from signaling pathways to clinical trials
Marzetti, E., Calvani, R., Cesari, M., Buford, T. W., Lorenzi, M., Behnke, B. J., & Leeuwenburgh, C. (2013) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2013.06.024 · Cited by 627
Metadata
- Authors
- Luo, L., Lu, A.-M., Wang, Y., Hong, A., Chen, Y., Hu, J., Li, X., & Qin, Z.-H.
- Affiliations
- Soochow University (CN)
- Suzhou Vocational Health College (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Qin, Zheng-Hong
- Venue
- Experimental Gerontology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-04
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 427-436
- ISSN
- 0531-5565 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1985127050
- Cited by
- 192
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 7.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Experimental Gerontology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Government of Jiangsu Province
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- resistance training, autophagy, apoptosis, skeletal muscle aging, insulin-like growth factor I, IGF-1 receptor, Akt/mTOR signaling, AMPK, gastrocnemius, sarcopenia, muscle mass and strength, LC3, p62, Beclin-1, cathepsin L, cytochrome c, caspase-3, aged rats
- MeSH terms
- Forkhead Box Protein O3, Aging, Animals, Autophagy, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Signal Transduction, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Apoptosis, Receptor, IGF Type 1, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Models, Animal, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Rats, Forkhead Transcription Factors, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Resistance Training, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
