Autophagic response to exercise training in skeletal muscle with age
Abstract
Autophagy, a highly conserved quality control mechanism, is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and for the orchestration of an efficient cellular response to stress. During aging, the efficiency of autophagic degradation declines, and intracellular waste products accumulate. Therefore, in this study, we tested the hypothesis that skeletal muscle from old mice would have decreased autophagosome formation when compared to the muscle from young mice. We also examined whether autophagic regulatory events differ between muscle fiber types and in response to exercise in aged male mice. The extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and gastrocnemius muscles were studied in young and old ICR mice. Exercise was performed by allowing the mice to run on a treadmill with a 5° incline at 16.4 m/min for 40 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks after a 1-week adaptation period. Our results indicated that the levels of microtubule-associated protein 1b light chain 3, a marker of autophagosome formation, were lower in both the EDL and the gastrocnemius muscle of old mice compared to those young mice. To identify the factors related to the changes observed, the expression of autophagy regulatory proteins was examined in the EDL and gastrocnemius muscles. Beclin-1, autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7), and lysosome-associated membrane protein were found to be lower in the EDL and gastrocnemius muscles of old mice compared to those in the young mice, then Beclin-1, ATG7, and muscle-specific RING finger protein-1 upregulated after regular exercise. Moreover, the muscle weight/body weight was significantly increased only in the gastrocnemius muscle of the old trained mice. These data suggest that autophagy regulatory events are attenuated in old skeletal muscle. However, this effect is upregulated when animals are subjected to exercise training.
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Mouse muscle shows age-related decline in autophagy machinery (LC3, BECN1, and LAMP2), and these deficiencies are partially mitigated by 8 weeks of treadmill exercise.
“Mouse muscle also shows age-related decline in autophagy machinery (LC3, BECN1, and LAMP2), and these deficiencies are partially mitigated by 8 weeks of treadmill exercise [491].”
From Autophagy and ALS: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications (2022) · cites this paper as [491]
After 8 weeks of treadmill running, down-regulation of Beclin1 and Atg7 in aged rats caused by aging was offset, and quality of skeletal muscle improved.
“Another study has also documented that after 8 weeks of treadmill running, the down-regulation of Beclin1 and Atg7 in aged rats caused by aging was offset, and the quality of skeletal muscle was also improved effectively [36].”
From Lifelong Aerobic Exercise Alleviates Sarcopenia by Activating Autophagy and Inhibiting Protein Degradation via the AMPK/PGC-1α Signaling Pathway (2021) · cites this paper as [36]
Mitophagy is attenuated with aging in skeletal muscle and motor neurons.
“mitophagy is attenuated with aging in skeletal muscle and motor neurons (40, 63, 70, 127).”
From Mitochondria initiate and regulate sarcopenia (2017) · cites this paper as [70]
Eight weeks of aerobic exercise increases autophagy proteins Beclin-1, ATG7, and MuRF-1 in muscles of old mice.
“8 weeks of aerobic exercise has been reported to increase autophagy proteins Beclin-1, ATG7, and MuRF-1 in muscles of old mice (70).”
From Mitochondria initiate and regulate sarcopenia (2017) · cites this paper as [70]
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اثر تمرین تداومی با شدت متوسط بر شاخصهای اتوفاژی عضله اسکلتی در رت های نر سالمند نژاد ویستار
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- Authors
- Kim, Y. A., Kim, Y. S., Oh, S. L., Kim, H.-J., & Song, W.
- Affiliations
- Chungnam National University (KR)
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Song, Wook
- Venue
- Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry
- Published
- 2013-03-08
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 697-705
- ISSN
- 1138-7548 (ISSN-L)
- 1877-8755
- OpenAlex
- W2041198637
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 9.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Keywords
- autophagy, exercise training, skeletal muscle aging, autophagosome formation, LC3B, Beclin-1, ATG7, LAMP1, muscle fiber type, extensor digitorum longus, gastrocnemius, treadmill running, muscle mass
- MeSH terms
- Tripartite Motif Proteins, Beclin-1, Autophagy-Related Protein 7, Aging, Animals, Autophagy, Body Weight, Male, Mice, Inbred ICR, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, Muscle Proteins, Organ Size, Physical Conditioning, Animal, Biomarkers, Gene Expression, Muscle, Skeletal, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins, Mice
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