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The Role of Mindfulness in Positive Reappraisal
Open accessAbstract
Mindfulness meditation is increasingly well known for therapeutic efficacy in a variety of illnesses and conditions, but its mechanism of action is still under debate in scientific circles. In this paper, we propose a hypothetical causal model that argues for the role of mindfulness in positive reappraisal coping. Positive reappraisal is a critical component of meaning-based coping that enables individuals to adapt successfully to stressful life events. Mindfulness, as a metacognitive form of awareness, involves the process of decentering, a shifting of cognitive sets that enables alternate appraisals of life events. We review the concept of positive reappraisal in transactional stress and coping theory, then describe research and traditional literature related to mindfulness and positive reappraisal, and detail the central role of mindfulness in the reappraisal process. With this understanding, we present a causal model explicating the proposed mechanism. The discussion has implications for clinical practice, suggesting how mindfulness-based integrative medicine interventions can be designed to support adaptive coping processes.
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“For example, mindfulness may allow one to clear the contents of working memory in preparation for positively reappraising a distressing situation”
From Mindfulness Training Alters Emotional Memory Recall Compared to Active Controls: Support for an Emotional Information Processing Model of Mindfulness (2012) · cites this paper as Garland et al., 2009
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“Earlier, we (2007; Garland et al., 2009) asserted that disengagement from negative appraisals of aversive stimuli in favor of attending to the raw sensorium of present moment experience allows for the generation of new, more adaptive appraisals rather than reprocessing an existing cognitive set already tainted by negative emotional judgments.”
From Therapeutic mechanisms of a mindfulness-based treatment for IBS: effects on visceral sensitivity, catastrophizing, and affective processing of pain sensations. (2012) · cites this paper as Garland et al., 2009
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“According to the mindfulness-to-meaning theory [81, 82], this observational stance fosters an expanded attentional space, facilitating reframing situations from novel perspectives through reappraisal [34].”
From Emotion Regulation as a Mechanism of Mindfulness in Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders (2024) · cites this paper as [82]
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“Based on this framework, the decentered perspective inherent in mindfulness facilitates a shift from automatic, habitual appraisals to more adaptive and flexible interpretations.”
From Emotion Regulation as a Mechanism of Mindfulness in Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders (2024) · cites this paper as [82]
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“Further, disengaging from the emotional response elicited by these ways of thinking might be eased by the practice of mindfulness [70].”
From At the Peak of the Second Wave of COVID-19, Did Millennials Show Different Emotional Responses from Older Adults? (2022) · cites this paper as [70]
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- Teasdale, 1999, Metacognition, mindfulness, and the modification of mood disorders, Clin Psychol Psychother, 6, 146, 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0879(199905)6:2<146::AID-CPP195>3.0.CO;2-E · DOI · Paper page
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Vago, D. R., & Silbersweig, D. A. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00296 · Cited by 1,310
Garland, E. L., Fredrickson, B., Kring, A. M., Johnson, D. P., Meyer, P. S., & Penn, D. L. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.002 · Cited by 1,035
“Although randomized controlled trials are needed to test this hypothesis, empirical data and theoretical rationale (for a review, see Garland et al., 2009) support the proposed relationship between mindfulness practice, positive reappraisal, and clinical outcomes.”
InfluentialSelf-citationThe psychological effects of meditation: a meta-analysis
Sedlmeier, P., Eberth, J., Schwarz, M., Zimmermann, D., Haarig, F., Jaeger, S., & Kunze, S. (2012) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0028168 · Cited by 910
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Self-citationPositive Reappraisal Mediates the Stress-Reductive Effects of Mindfulness: An Upward Spiral Process
Garland, E. L., Gaylord, S. A., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2011) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-011-0043-8 · Cited by 572
“1 a The mindful coping model: cross-sectional view (Garland et al. 2009).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Garland, E., Gaylord, S., & Park, J.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Garland, Eric
- Venue
- EXPLORE
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-01
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 37-44
- ISSN
- 1550-8307 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2719560
- OpenAlex
- W2073980075
- Cited by
- 595
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 54 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 1.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- EXPLORE (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- Triangle Community Foundation
- National Institutes of Health
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (AT003378)
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (T32AT003378)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- mindfulness meditation, positive reappraisal, meaning-based coping, decentering, metacognition, causal models, stress adaptation, mindfulness-based interventions, integrative medicine
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Internal-External Control, Models, Psychological, Psychotherapy, Group, Quality of Life, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Meditation, Mind-Body Relations, Metaphysical
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