Mindfulness broadens awareness and builds eudaimonic meaning: A process model of mindful positive emotion regulation
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Abstract
Contemporary scholarship on mindfulness casts it as a form of purely nonevaluative engagement with experience. Yet, traditionally mindfulness was not intended to operate in a vacuum of dispassionate observation, but was seen as facilitative of eudaimonic mental states. In spite of this historical context, modern psychological research has neglected to ask the question of how the practice of mindfulness affects downstream emotion regulatory processes to impact the sense of meaning in life. To fill this lacuna, here we describe the mindfulness-to-meaning theory, from which we derive a novel process model of mindful positive emotion regulation informed by affective science, in which mindfulness is proposed to introduce flexibility in the generation of cognitive appraisals by enhancing interoceptive attention, thereby expanding the scope of cognition to facilitate reappraisal of adversity and savoring of positive experience. This process is proposed to culminate in a deepened capacity for meaning-making and greater engagement with life.
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Mindfulness-based decentering has been linked to greater acceptance, reduced avoidance-oriented responding, and less rigid self-focused appraisal.
“Mindfulness-based decentering has been linked to greater acceptance, reduced avoidance-oriented responding, and less rigid self-focused appraisal (34, 36, 63).”
From The therapeutic role of self-transcendence in moral injury recovery: theory, mechanisms, and clinical implications (2026) · cites this paper as [36]
In “The role of mindfulness in positive reappraisal,” the paper describes decentering as loosening schematized narratives about the self and enabling more flexible responses. The Conclusion links mindfulness with acceptance of experience. Although “Positive reappraisal as an adaptive cognitive change strategy” contrasts reappraisal with avoidant coping, our copy does not directly establish that decentering reduces avoidance-oriented responding. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMindfulness to Manage Moral Injury cultivates metacognitive awareness and attentional broadening-processes empirically associated with decentering and meaning-oriented cognitive-affective reappraisal.
“Mindfulness to Manage Moral Injury (MMMI), for example, cultivates metacognitive awareness and attentional broadening—processes empirically associated with decentering and meaning-oriented cognitive–affective reappraisal (30, 36, 39, 85).”
From The therapeutic role of self-transcendence in moral injury recovery: theory, mechanisms, and clinical implications (2026) · cites this paper as [36]
In “The role of mindfulness in positive reappraisal” (page not provided), the paper links mindfulness with metacognitive decentering and broader attention. Its neural account describes how widened attention may allow adaptive reappraisal, but it presents this as a proposed process rather than an empirically established link in Mindfulness to Manage Moral Injury. Our copy does not discuss MMMI or show that this specific program cultivates those processes. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSelf-transcendence is conceptualized as a unifying psychological process, reflected in coordinated changes in self-processing, attention, affect, and meaning, that engages core and proximal moral injury mechanisms-including experiential avoidance, rigid moral appraisals, maladaptive self-referential processing, and negative moral emotions-while potentially supporting downstream moral-existential修复
“ST is conceptualized as a unifying psychological process, reflected in coordinated changes in self-processing, attention, affect, and meaning, that engages core and proximal MI mechanisms—including experiential avoidance, rigid moral appraisals, maladaptive self-referential processing, and negative moral emotions—while potentially supporting downstream moral–existential repair processes such as”
From The therapeutic role of self-transcendence in moral injury recovery: theory, mechanisms, and clinical implications (2026) · cites this paper as [36]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAlthough self-transcendence has not yet been directly examined as a mediating mechanism, converging evidence of overlapping processes-including decentering, broadened awareness, affective integration, eudaimonic meaning-making, and reappraisal-suggests that self-transcendence may function as a latent therapeutic pathway underlying observed clinical gains.
“Although ST has not yet been directly examined as a mediating mechanism, converging evidence of overlapping processes—including decentering, broadened awareness, affective integration, eudaimonic meaning-making, and reappraisal—suggests that ST may function as a latent therapeutic pathway underlying observed clinical gains (36, 39).”
From The therapeutic role of self-transcendence in moral injury recovery: theory, mechanisms, and clinical implications (2026) · cites this paper as [36]
The Conclusion (page unavailable) links decentering, new appraisals and eudaimonic well-being to positive therapeutic outcomes; the section on mindfulness and positive reappraisal also reports relevant clinical findings. But the paper proposes a mindfulness-to-meaning pathway, not self-transcendence as a latent mediator, and it does not establish that self-transcendence has not been directly examined as one. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredReappraisal results in a durable form of positive affectivity and the sense of meaningfulness in life.
“ultimately 5) resulting in a durable form of positive affectivity and the sense of meaningfulness in life.”
From Testing the mindfulness-to-meaning theory: Evidence for mindful positive emotion regulation from a reanalysis of longitudinal data (2017) · cites this paper as [25]
In “Positive Reappraisal Begets Savoring of Pleasant Life Experience” (page unavailable), the paper proposes that reappraisal and savoring may build meaning and, over time, consolidate into sustainable positive affectivity. The claim presents this proposed outcome as a result of reappraisal alone, omitting both the paper’s uncertainty and the role of savoring. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Mindfulness-to-meaning theory proposes that increases in emotion regulation are an important consequence of mindfulness training.
“Such an interpretation is in alignment with mindfulness-to-meaning theory (Garland et al., 2015), which proposes increases in emotion regulation as an important sequela of mindfulness training.”
From Trajectories of social anxiety, cognitive reappraisal, and mindfulness during an RCT of CBGT versus MBSR for social anxiety disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Garland et al., 2015
Mindfulness-to-meaning theory predicts that mindfulness meditation training should increase the ability to implement various emotion regulation strategies, including reappraisal, attention deployment, and acceptance.
“MMT predicts that mindfulness meditation training should increase the ability to implement a variety of emotion regulation strategies, including reappraisal, attention deployment, and acceptance.”
From Trajectories of social anxiety, cognitive reappraisal, and mindfulness during an RCT of CBGT versus MBSR for social anxiety disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Garland et al., 2015
Mindfulness-to-meaning theory proposes that mindfulness meditation practice facilitates reappraisal of adversity and savoring of positive experience by enhancing interoceptive attention and cognitive flexibility.
“Garland and colleagues (Garland, Farb, Goldin, & Fredrickson, 2015) recently introduced a mindfulness-to-meaning theory (MMT) that suggests mindfulness meditation practice will facilitate reappraisal of adversity and savoring of positive experience by enhancing interoceptive attention and cognitive flexibility.”
From Trajectories of social anxiety, cognitive reappraisal, and mindfulness during an RCT of CBGT versus MBSR for social anxiety disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Garland et al., 2015
ST-related processes are associated with greater psychological flexibility, enhanced emotion regulation, increased connectedness, and more adaptive integration of challenging experiences.
“Emerging empirical and theoretical work on mindfulness, meaning-making, and self-transcendent experience suggests that ST-related processes are associated with greater psychological flexibility, enhanced emotion regulation, increased connectedness, and more adaptive integration of challenging experiences (34–39).”
From The therapeutic role of self-transcendence in moral injury recovery: theory, mechanisms, and clinical implications (2026) · cites this paper as [36]
Values- and meaning-oriented interventions support existential reorientation and purpose reconstruction.
“Awe- and compassion-inducing experiences are related to diminished self-salience and social isolation (34, 68, 69), whereas values- and meaning-oriented interventions support existential reorientation and purpose reconstruction (36, 65, 71).”
From The therapeutic role of self-transcendence in moral injury recovery: theory, mechanisms, and clinical implications (2026) · cites this paper as [36]
Broadened awareness leads to processing and integration into new adaptive reappraisals of self and world.
“This novel contextual information is then 4) processed and integrated into new adaptive reappraisals of self and world”
From Testing the mindfulness-to-meaning theory: Evidence for mindful positive emotion regulation from a reanalysis of longitudinal data (2017) · cites this paper as [25]
Engaging attentional control in the face of stress fosters decentering from stress appraisals into a metacognitive state.
“The MMT asserts that 1) engaging attentional control in the face of stress fosters 2) decentering from stress appraisals into a metacognitive state”
From Testing the mindfulness-to-meaning theory: Evidence for mindful positive emotion regulation from a reanalysis of longitudinal data (2017) · cites this paper as [25]
Decentering yields a broadening of awareness to encompass previously unattended interoceptive and exteroceptive sensory information.
“which yields a 3) broadening of awareness to encompass previously unattended interoceptive and exteroceptive sensory information.”
From Testing the mindfulness-to-meaning theory: Evidence for mindful positive emotion regulation from a reanalysis of longitudinal data (2017) · cites this paper as [25]
Complete modeling of the MMT was impossible due to the dataset's lack of a measure of meaning in life, which is conceptualized as the distal output of the proposed mindfulness-to-meaning process.
“Further, complete modeling of the MMT was impossible due to the dataset’s lack of a measure of meaning in life, which is conceptualized as the distal output of the proposed mindfulness-to-meaning process [26].”
From Testing the mindfulness-to-meaning theory: Evidence for mindful positive emotion regulation from a reanalysis of longitudinal data (2017) · cites this paper as [26]
Rumination or fusion with distressing illness thoughts, treating them as permanent realities, may add to suffering.
“In other words, being caught up in the content of distressing thoughts about the illness and viewing them as permanent realities may result in additional suffering.”
From The relationship between acceptance of cancer and distress: A meta-analytic review (2019) · cites this paper as Garland et al., 2015
Noticing one's experiences is probably necessary for appreciating them and for building positive states.
“noticing experiences is crucial for appreciating them and building positive states”
From Mechanisms of mindfulness training: Monitor and Acceptance Theory (MAT (2017) · cites this paper as Garland et al., 2015
Acceptance is probably necessary for lowering symptoms and for reducing clinging to positive experiences.
“acceptance appears to be essential for reducing symptoms (and the grasping of positive experiences)”
From Mechanisms of mindfulness training: Monitor and Acceptance Theory (MAT (2017) · cites this paper as Garland et al., 2015
Mindfulness can be used to disengage from automatic schema into a metacognitive state where attention expands and new cognitive structures can be constructed through memory reconsolidation.
“According to the mindfulness-to-meaning theory,30 mindfulness meditation can be used to disengage from automatic schema into a metacognitive state of awareness in which attention expands to encompass previously unattended data from which new cognitive structures can be constructed through a process of memory reconsolidation.”
Mindfulness meditation is well-suited to facilitate reevaluation of addiction-related conditioned stimuli and responses.
“New theory suggests that mindfulness meditation is well-suited to facilitate this reevaluation process. According to the mindfulness-to-meaning theory,30”
The mindfulness-to-meaning theory proposes that mindfulness provides a means of restructuring reward learning.
“In this way, the mindfulness-to-meaning theory proposes that mindfulness provides a means of restructuring reward learning.”
The ability of a VR app to facilitate positive emotion may usefully contribute to mindfulness practice by reducing experiential challenges related to negative emotion.
“Although mindfulness practice does not seek to engender a positive mood state, the ability of a VR app to facilitate positive emotion may usefully contribute to mindfulness practice by reducing experiential challenges related to negative emotion [46].”
From Understanding How Virtual Reality Can Support Mindfulness Practice: Mixed Methods Study (2020) · cites this paper as [46]
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Self-citationHanley, A. W., Mehling, W. E., & Garland, E. L. (2017) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.05.014 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citationGarland, E. L., Roberts-Lewis, A., Tronnier, C. D., Graves, R., & Kelley, K. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.11.012 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Self-citationGarland, E. L., Hanley, A. W., Riquino, M. R., Reese, S. E., Baker, A. K., Salas, K., Yack, B. P., Bedford, C. E., Bryan, M. A., Atchley, R., et al. (2019) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000390 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Self-citationGarland, E. L., Hanley, A. W., Goldin, P. R., & Gross, J. J. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187727 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citationScott-Sheldon, L. A. J., Gathright, E. C., Donahue, M. L., Balletto, B., Feulner, M. M., DeCosta, J., Cruess, D. G., Wing, R. R., Carey, M. P., & Salmoirago-Blotcher, E. (2020) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaz020 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
The relationship between acceptance of cancer and distress: A meta-analytic review
Secinti, E., Tometich, D. B., Johns, S. A., & Mosher, C. E. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2019.05.001 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
“, 1989; Lazarus & Folkman, 1984; Park, 2010) and third wave theories (Garland et al., 2015; Hayes et al., 1994; Kabat-Zinn, 1990; Linehan, 1993; Segal et al., 2002).”
BackgroundInfluentialGarland, E. L. (2016) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13034 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Self-citationGarland, E. L., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2019) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.01.004 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citationColder Carras, M., Kalbarczyk, A., Wells, K., Banks, J., Kowert, R., Gillespie, C., & Latkin, C. (2018) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.08.044 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Iani, L., Lauriola, M., Chiesa, A., & Cafaro, V. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-0981-5 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
The relationship between mindfulness and objective measures of body awareness: A meta-analysis
Treves, I. N., Tello, L. Y., Davidson, R. J., & Goldberg, S. B. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-53978-6 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Goldin, P. R., Morrison, A. S., Jazaieri, H., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.06.001 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“Such an interpretation is in alignment with mindfulness-to-meaning theory (Garland et al., 2015), which proposes increases in emotion regulation as an important sequela of mindfulness training.”
ResultSelf-citationGarland, E. L., Hanley, A. W., Kline, A., & Cooperman, N. A. (2019) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.07.007 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationPriddy, S. E., Howard, M. O., Hanley, A. W., Riquino, M. R., Friberg-Felsted, K., & Garland, E. L. (2018) · Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation · doi:10.2147/sar.s145201 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationPrice, C. J., Thompson, E. A., Crowell, S. E., Pike, K., Cheng, S. C., Parent, S., & Hooven, C. (2019) · Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/08897077.2018.1488335 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Chu, S. T.-W., & Mak, W. W. S. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01258-9 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Li, M. J., Black, D. S., & Garland, E. L. (2016) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.027 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationMindfulness practice for protecting mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic
Zhu, J. L., Schülke, R., Vatansever, D., Xi, D., Yan, J., Zhao, H., Xie, X., Feng, J., Chen, M. Y., Sahakian, B. J., et al. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01459-8 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Garland, E. L., Kiken, L. G., Faurot, K., Palsson, O., & Gaylord, S. A. (2017) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-016-9768-y · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Self-citationGarland, E. L., Thielking, P., Thomas, E. A., Coombs, M., White, S., Lombardi, J., & Beck, A. (2017) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.4065 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationCheung, R. Y. M., & Ng, M. C. Y. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-1069-y · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The mindful personality: A meta-analysis from a cybernetic perspective
Hanley, A. W., & Garland, E. L. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0736-8 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
A common factors perspective on mindfulness-based interventions
Goldberg, S. B. (2022) · Nature Reviews Psychology · doi:10.1038/s44159-022-00090-8 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Cillessen, L., Schellekens, M. P. J., Van de Ven, M. O. M., Donders, A. R. T., Compen, F. R., Bisseling, E. M., Van der Lee, M. L., & Speckens, A. E. M. (2018) · Acta Oncologica · doi:10.1080/0284186x.2018.1479071 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“Furthermore, these results are in line with the mindfulness-to-meaning theory that explains how mindfulness practice might decrease stress and rumination in adverse circumstances, through positive psychological processes [61], for which evidence was found in cancer patients [62].”
ResultBlanke, E. S., Riediger, M., & Brose, A. (2018) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000323 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Berk, L., Warmenhoven, F., van Os, J., & van Boxtel, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00982 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Cooperman, N. A., Hanley, A. W., Kline, A., & Garland, E. L. (2021) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108468 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Self-citationMarais, G. A. B., Lantheaume, S., Fiault, R., & Shankland, R. (2020) · European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education · doi:10.3390/ejihpe10040073 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“Hence, they both reduce negative affect [29] and increase positive affects [33].”
BackgroundHanley, A. W., de Vibe, M., Solhaug, I., Farb, N., Goldin, P. R., Gross, J. J., & Garland, E. L. (2021) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3035 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationCheung, R. Y. M., & Lau, E. N.-S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.591103 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Roberts, R. L., Ledermann, K., & Garland, E. L. (2022) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110677 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationPoletti, S., Razzini, G., Ferrari, R., Ricchieri, M. P., Spedicato, G. A., Pasqualini, A., Buzzega, C., Artioli, F., Petropulacos, K., Luppi, M., et al. (2019) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102218 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Alkoby, A., Pliskin, R., Halperin, E., & Levit-Binnun, N. (2019) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000461 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
How mindfulness shapes the situational use of emotion regulation strategies in daily life.
Wenzel, M., Rowland, Z., & Kubiak, T. (2020) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2020.1758632 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Acabchuk, R. L., Simon, M. A., Low, S., Brisson, J. M., & Johnson, B. T. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01497-1 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
An, Y., Yuan, G., Zhang, N., Xu, W., Liu, Z., & Zhou, F. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.034 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Does mindfulness change the mind? A novel psychonectome perspective based on Network Analysis
Roca, P., Diez, G. G., Castellanos, N., & Vazquez, C. (2019) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0219793 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Wang, X., Li, J., Wang, C., & Lv, J. (2020) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.5273 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Thomas, E. A., Mijangos, J. L., Hansen, P. A., White, S., Walker, D., Reimers, C., Beck, A. C., & Garland, E. L. (2019) · Integrative Cancer Therapies · doi:10.1177/1534735419855138 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationA neurobehavioral account for decentering as the salve for the distressed mind
King, A. P., & Fresco, D. M. (2019) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.02.009 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Chahar Mahali, S., Beshai, S., & Wolfe, W. L. (2021) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2020.1711764 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Daubenmier, J., Epel, E. S., Moran, P. J., Thompson, J., Mason, A. E., Acree, M., Goldman, V., Kristeller, J., Hecht, F. M., & Mendes, W. B. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01232-5 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Mindful Learning Improves Positive Feelings of Cancer Patients’ Family Caregivers
Geng, L., Wang, J., Cheng, L., Zhang, B., & Shen, H. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16020248 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Hadash, Y., Ruimi, L., & Bernstein, A. (2021) · doi:10.31231/osf.io/dwzcj · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Hadash, Y., Ruimi, L., & Bernstein, A. (2023) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0001194 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Xu, W., Ding, X., Goh, P. H., & An, Y. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.01.032 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Hoffman, S. N., Rassaby, M. M., Stein, M. B., & Taylor, C. T. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.086 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Baker, A. K., & Garland, E. L. (2019) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000225 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Do gender, anxiety, or sleep quality predict mindfulness-based stress reduction outcomes?
Brown, M. M., Arigo, D., Wolever, R. Q., Smoski, M. J., Hall, M. H., Brantley, J. G., & Greeson, J. M. (2021) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105320931186 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Mechanisms of change in acceptance and commitment therapy for primary headaches
Vasiliou, V. S., Karademas, E. C., Christou, Y., Papacostas, S., & Karekla, M. (2022) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1851 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Priddy, S. E., Hanley, A. W., Riquino, M. R., Platt, K. A., Baker, A. K., & Garland, E. L. (2018) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.03.040 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationHildebrandt, L. K., McCall, C., & Singer, T. (2019) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000518 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Negatively biased cognition as a mechanism of mindfulness: a review of the literature
Ford, C. G., Kiken, L. G., Haliwa, I., & Shook, N. J. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02147-y · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Zgierska, A. E., Burzinski, C. A., Garland, E. L., Lennon, R. P., Jamison, R., Nakamura, Y., Barrett, B., Sehgal, N., Mirgain, S. A., Singles, J. M., et al. (2021) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2021.106548 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citationHanley, A. W., & Garland, E. L. (2021) · Journal of Evidence-Based Social Work · doi:10.1080/26408066.2020.1833803 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationScafuto, F., Quinto, R. M., Ghiroldi, S., Montecucco, N. F., Presaghi, F., Iani, L., & De Vincenzo, F. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06081-7 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Shankland, R., Kotsou, I., Cuny, C., Strub, L., & Brown, N. J. L. (2017) · Happiness Studies Book Series · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61810-4_6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Warren, M. T., Wray-Lake, L., & Syvertsen, A. K. (2017) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760.2017.1350741 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Li, J., & Qin, X. (2021) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22578 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Serfaty, S., Gale, G., Beadman, M., Froeliger, B., & Kamboj, S. K. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0767-1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Prochilo, G. A., Costa, R. J. S., Hassed, C., Chambers, R., & Molenberghs, P. (2021) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-020-00751-6 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Rudaz, M., Ledermann, T., & Grzywacz, J. G. (2018) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology · doi:10.1080/07347332.2018.1464091 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
A Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Acute Care Nursing Staff: A Pilot Study
Brouwer, K. R., Melander, S., Walmsley, L. A., Norton, J., & Okoli, C. (2024) · Journal of Holistic Nursing · doi:10.1177/08980101231181004 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Kirby, L. A. J., Kornman, P. T., & Robinson, J. L. (2021) · Journal of Cognitive Enhancement · doi:10.1007/s41465-020-00178-0 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zhao, F., Li, Y., Hu, W., Zhang, H., Wu, H., & Fan, Q. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06670-6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
(2021) · Journal of Psychiatry and Brain Science · doi:10.20900/jpbs20210013 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Walach, H., Sauer, S., Kohls, N., Rose, N., & Schmidt, S. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03671-3 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Does early emotional responding to initial mindfulness training impact intervention outcomes?
Harel, O., Hadash, Y., Levi-Belz, Y., & Bernstein, A. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-1018-9 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Mindfulness for health and wellbeing in adults with spinal cord injury: A scoping review
Bhattarai, M., Shigemoto, Y., Huang, Y.-C., Islam, M. T., & Sorenson, M. (2025) · The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine · doi:10.1080/10790268.2024.2374130 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A qualitative study of patient perspectives for a mindfulness-based intervention in lung cancer.
Chen, J., Huang, D., Luo, Q., Qin, Y., Wang, W., Knobf, M. T., Zhou, Y., & Ye, Z. (2026) · European Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2026.103133 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Psychiatry
Ivkovic, A., Evans, S., Mirsky, P., Ashar, Y. K., & Muskin, P. R. (2024) · Tasman’s Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-51366-5_159 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Fleming, W. H. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1701564
“The present analysis situates ST within the Mindfulness-to-Meaning Theory (MMT; 33, 36), a process model describing how mindfulness-based practices facilitate positive psychological transformation.”
Influential
- Authors
- Garland, E. L., Farb, N. A., R. Goldin, P., & Fredrickson, B. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Utah (US)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Corresponding author
- Garland, Eric L.
- Venue
- Psychological Inquiry
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-10-02
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 293-314
- ISSN
- 1047-840X (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7965
- PMC
- PMC4826727
- OpenAlex
- W2180982102
- Semantic Scholar
- 557bc73aa8857ab41a9a2804888c22dbf5e5037d
- Cited by
- 810
- References
- 168
- Citations by year
- 2026: 103 · 2025: 119 · 2024: 96 · 2023: 69 · 2022: 83 · 2021: 98 · 2020: 63 · 2019: 52 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 51.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychological Inquiry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R34DA037005)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Keywords
- mindfulness, positive emotion regulation, meaning in life, process model, cognitive appraisal, interoceptive attention, cognitive reappraisal, savoring, meaning-making
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