Immunoregulatory natural compounds in stress-induced depression: An alternative or an adjunct to conventional antidepressant therapy?
Abstract
The interplay of chronic stress, neuroinflammation and altered immune reactivity has been shown to be important for the pathophysiology of brain disorders such as schizophrenia, depressive disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder. This immuno-inflammatory theory has been extensively studied in the past three decades leading to the formation of the integrative discipline of psychoneuroimmunology. Targeting of the central nervous system by conventional pharmacotherapeutic methods is mainly through modulation of neuroendocrine systems such as the dopaminergic, GABA-ergic, adrenergic and serotoninergic systems. In recent years an increasing number of both experimental and clinical studies have shown that antidepressants can affect the immune system by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. However, due to the serious adverse effects accompanying the chronic administration of psychoactive drugs there is a continuous need to produce novel therapeutics that are both potent and safe. The present review aims to summarize the current knowledge in the field of psychoneuroimmunology and to delineate the main interactions between stress, inflammation, immunity and the brain. Additionally, this paper explores the use of plant-derived molecules that display a strong anti-stress effect and simultaneously modulate the immune response as an alternative or adjuvant to classical antidepressant drugs.
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Chronic moderate stress, neuroinflammation, and immune response changes have all been connected to the genesis of MDD.
“Chronic moderate stress, neuroinflammation, and immune response changes have all been connected to the genesis of MDD [7].”
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Wu, Z., Cai, Z., Shi, H., Huang, X., Cai, M., Yuan, K., Huang, P., Shi, G., Yan, T., & Li, Z. (2022) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.204030 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
- Authors
- Vasileva, L. V., Ivanovska, M. V., Murdjeva, M. A., Saracheva, K. E., & Georgiev, M. I.
- Affiliations
- Medical University Plovdiv (BG)
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BG)
- Corresponding author
- Georgiev, Milen I.
- Venue
- Food and Chemical Toxicology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-05
- Volume
- 127
- Pages
- 81-88
- ISSN
- 0278-6915 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2920938366
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4
- FWCI
- 0.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Food and Chemical Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission (664620, HORIZON2020)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plant Extracts Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Keywords
- stress-induced depression, psychoneuroimmunology, neuroinflammation, chronic stress, antidepressant treatment, phytochemicals, anti-stress agents, immunomodulation, inflammatory cytokines, antidepressant side effects, adjuvant therapy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antidepressive Agents, Biological Products, Chronic Disease, Combined Modality Therapy, Depression, Humans, Plants, Stress, Psychological, Cytokines
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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