Cited by 179Stress Responses and CortisolTreatment of Major DepressionNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

Gene expression patterns in the hippocampus and amygdala of endogenous depression and chronic stress models

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Andrus, B M, Blizinsky, K, Vedell, P T, Dennis, K, Shukla, P K, Schaffer, D J, Radulovic, J, Churchill, G A +1 more·2012·Molecular Psychiatry

Abstract

The etiology of depression is still poorly understood, but two major causative hypotheses have been put forth: the monoamine deficiency and the stress hypotheses of depression. We evaluate these hypotheses using animal models of endogenous depression and chronic stress. The endogenously depressed rat and its control strain were developed by bidirectional selective breeding from the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat, an accepted model of major depressive disorder (MDD). The WKY More Immobile (WMI) substrain shows high immobility/despair-like behavior in the forced swim test (FST), while the control substrain, WKY Less Immobile (WLI), shows no depressive behavior in the FST. Chronic stress responses were investigated by using Brown Norway, Fischer 344, Lewis and WKY, genetically and behaviorally distinct strains of rats. Animals were either not stressed (NS) or exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS). Genome-wide microarray analyses identified differentially expressed genes in hippocampi and amygdalae of the endogenous depression and the chronic stress models. No significant difference was observed in the expression of monoaminergic transmission-related genes in either model. Furthermore, very few genes showed overlapping changes in the WMI vs WLI and CRS vs NS comparisons, strongly suggesting divergence between endogenous depressive behavior- and chronic stress-related molecular mechanisms. Taken together, these results posit that although chronic stress may induce depressive behavior, its molecular underpinnings differ from those of endogenous depression in animals and possibly in humans, suggesting the need for different treatments. The identification of novel endogenous depression-related and chronic stress response genes suggests that unexplored molecular mechanisms could be targeted for the development of novel therapeutic agents.

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  • Strain-dependent responses to restraint or chronic mild stress have been shown, indicating complex genetics regulate risk and resilience to chronic stress.

    “Strain–dependent responses to other physical stressors such as restraint or CMS have been shown, underscoring the role of complex genetics in regulating risk and resilience to chronic stress32–34.”

    From Neurobiology of resilience (2012) · cites this paper as [34]

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  1. Delgado PL . Depression: the case for a monoamine deficiency. J Clin Psychiatry 2000; 61 (Suppl 6): 7–11.

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Authors
Andrus, B. M., Blizinsky, K., Vedell, P. T., Dennis, K., Shukla, P. K., Schaffer, D. J., Radulovic, J., Churchill, G. A., & Redei, E. E.
Affiliations
  • Northwestern University (US)
  • Jackson Laboratory (US)
Corresponding author
Redei, E E
Venue
Molecular Psychiatry
Published
2010-11-16
Volume
17
Issue
1
Pages
49-61
ISSN
  • 1359-4184 (ISSN-L)
  • 1476-5578
OpenAlex
W1991766265
Cited by
178
References
92
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 10
FWCI
4.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Molecular Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • The Mouseion at the JAXlibrary (Jackson Laboratory) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Davee Foundation
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Mental Health (MH077234, R21MH077234)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords
endogenous depression, chronic stress, hippocampus, amygdala, gene expression, forced swim test, immobility, restraint stress, Wistar-Kyoto rats, major depressive disorder, rat strains, therapeutic target
MeSH terms
Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Adrenal Glands, Amygdala, Animals, Body Weight, Depressive Disorder, Disease Models, Animal, Gene Expression Regulation, Hippocampus, Male, Organ Size, Radioimmunoassay, Rats, Inbred F344, Rats, Inbred WKY, Stress, Psychological, Swimming, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Gene Expression Profiling, Freezing Reaction, Cataleptic, Rats

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