Cited by 153Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal AbnormalitiesSexual Differentiation and DisordersAssisted Reproductive Technology and Twin Pregnancy

Outcomes of spontaneous and assisted pregnancies in Turner syndrome: the U.S. National institutes of health experience

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Hadnott, Tracy N., Gould, Harley N., Gharib, Ahmed M., Bondy, Carolyn A.·2011·Fertility and Sterility

Abstract

Objective To assess fetal and maternal outcomes of pregnancies in women with Turner syndrome (TS).Design Retrospective case series.Setting Clinical research center.Patient(s) 276 adults with cytogenetically proven TS participating in an intramural natural history protocol.Intervention(s) None.Main outcome measure(s) Menstrual and obstetric histories, 50-cell karyotypes, and cardiovascular evaluation including aortic diameter measurements.Result(s) Our cohort included five women with spontaneous pregnancies and five with pregnancies using assisted reproduction (ART). All five women with spontaneous pregnancies had spontaneous puberty, despite 45,X in ≥90% of their 50-cell karyotype. Participants had a total of 13 pregnancies and 14 live births. One child had cerebral palsy; the others were chromosomally and developmentally normal. Delivery was by cesarean section in four out of seven spontaneous and six out of six ART-related pregnancies. One mother experienced preeclampsia in an ART-related twin pregnancy that required a preterm delivery; she has marked but stable aortic dilation years later.Conclusion(s) Approximately 2% of our study cohort experienced spontaneous pregnancies despite high-grade X monosomy, and a similar number achieved pregnancy via oocyte donation and ART. The potential for life-threatening cardiovascular complications warrants comprehensive screening before conception or single-embryo transfer, and caution regarding unintentional pregnancies for TS women.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.03.085

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  • Due to ovarian insufficiency, most individuals with TS are infertile, with spontaneous pregnancies occurring in about 10%.

    “Due to ovarian insufficiency, most individuals with TS are infertile, with spontaneous pregnancies occurring in about 10%.11,511,561-564”
  • The key predictive factors associated with the probability of spontaneous conception are a history of spontaneous menarche and a 45,X/46,XX karyotype.

    “The key predictive factors associated with the probability of spontaneous conception are a history of spontaneous menarche, and a 45,X/46,XX karyotype.11,511,561-563”
  • Reported anomalies in TS pregnancies include cerebral palsy, neuropsychological disorders, cleft lip and palate, coarctation of the aorta, ambiguous genitalia, hydrocephalus, and trisomy 21.

    “Reported anomalies include cerebral palsy, neuropsychological disorders, cleft lip and palate, coarctation of the aorta, ambiguous genitalia, hydrocephalus as well as trisomy 21.11,562,563”

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Authors
Hadnott, T. N., Gould, H. N., Gharib, A. M., & Bondy, C. A.
Affiliations
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author
Bondy, Carolyn A.
Venue
Fertility and Sterility
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2011-06
Volume
95
Issue
7
Pages
2251-2256
ISSN
0015-0282 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2077165696
Cited by
153
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 7
FWCI
6.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Fertility and Sterility (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  • National Institutes of Health
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (Z01HD000628)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Assisted Reproductive Technology and Twin Pregnancy
Keywords
Turner syndrome, pregnancy outcomes, assisted reproduction, oocyte donation, spontaneous conception, fetal outcomes, maternal outcomes, aortic dilatation, cardiovascular complications, monosomy X, spontaneous puberty, preeclampsia, preterm birth, twin pregnancy, single embryo transfer, preconception screening
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Cerebral Palsy, Female, Fertility, Humans, Karyotyping, Middle Aged, Monosomy, National Institutes of Health (U.S.), Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular, Puberty, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Turner Syndrome, United States, Risk Assessment, Pregnancy Rate, Reproductive Techniques, Assisted, Chromosomes, Human, X, Live Birth, Young Adult

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