Antimüllerian hormone levels are independently related to ovarian hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries

Rosenfield, Robert L.; Wroblewski, Kristen; Padmanabhan, Vasantha; Littlejohn, Elizabeth; Mortensen, Monica; Ehrmann, David A.

doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.03.059

Cited by 80Ovarian function and disordersAdrenal Hormones and DisordersSexual Differentiation and Disorders

Antimüllerian hormone levels are independently related to ovarian hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries

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Rosenfield, Robert L., Wroblewski, Kristen, Padmanabhan, Vasantha, Littlejohn, Elizabeth, Mortensen, Monica, Ehrmann, David A.·2012·Fertility and Sterility

DOI 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.03.059PMC PMC3597099

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Abstract

Objective To determine the relationship of antimüllerian hormone (AMH) levels to polycystic ovaries and ovarian androgenic function.Design Prospective case-control study.Setting General clinical research center.Participant(s) Eumenorrheic asymptomatic volunteers without (V-NO; n = 19; reference population) or with (V-PCO; n = 28) a polycystic ovary and hyperandrogenemic anovulatory subjects grouped according to ovarian function into typical PCOS (PCOS-T; n = 37) and atypical PCOS (PCOS-A; n = 18).Intervention(s) Pelvic ultrasonography, short dexamethasone androgen-suppression test (SDAST), and GnRH agonist (GnRHag) test.Main outcome measure(s) Baseline AMH levels were related to polycystic ovary status, testosterone response to SDAST, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone response to GnRHag test.Result(s) AMH levels correlated with SDAST and GnRHag test outcomes. AMH was elevated (>6.2 ng/mL) in 32% of V-PCO versus 5% V-NO. The 21% of V-PCO who met Rotterdam PCOS criteria all had functional ovarian hyperandrogenism, but AMH levels were similar to nonhyperandrogenic V-PCO. AMH >10.7 ng/mL discriminated V-PCO from PCOS with 96% specificity and 41% sensitivity for PCOS-T, and insignificantly for PCOS-A.Conclusion(s) AMH levels are independently related to ovarian androgenic function and polycystic ovaries. Very high AMH levels are specific but insensitive for PCOS. In the absence of hyperandrogenism, moderate AMH elevation in women with normal-variant polycystic ovaries seems to indicate an enlarged oocyte pool.

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Polycystic ovary morphology is an inconsistent finding and does not invariably predict the development of polycystic ovary syndrome.
“Hence, PCOM is an inconsistent finding and does not invariably predict the development of PCOS [82]”
From The Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome during Adolescence (2015) · cites this paper as [82]
In healthy nonhirsute adolescents, girls with and without polycystic ovary morphology have similar levels of androgens, insulin, and indexes of insulin sensitivity.
“The few reports that have evaluated the hormonal correlates of PCOM in healthy nonhirsute adolescents using transabdominal ultrasonography have found similar levels of androgens, insulin, and indexes of insulin sensitivity in girls with and without PCOM [80,82]”
From The Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome during Adolescence (2015) · cites this paper as [82]
Polycystic ovary morphology, variously defined, has been reported with a prevalence of 30-40%, with a range between 26 and 54%, and has been described in healthy girls.
“PCOM, variously defined, has been reported with a prevalence of 30-40% (range between 26 and 54%) and has been described in healthy girls [82]”
From The Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome during Adolescence (2015) · cites this paper as [82]

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Authors: Rosenfield, R. L., Wroblewski, K., Padmanabhan, V., Littlejohn, E., Mortensen, M., & Ehrmann, D. A.
Affiliations: University of Chicago (US)
University of Michigan (US)
Corresponding author: Rosenfield, Robert L.
ORCID: Rosenfield, Robert L.
Wroblewski, Kristen
Padmanabhan, Vasantha
Venue: Fertility and Sterility
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2012-07
Volume: 98
Issue: 1
Pages: 242-249.e4
ISSN: 0015-0282 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.03.059
PMC: PMC3597099
OpenAlex: W2122813341
Cited by: 80
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 11.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: erratum (2012-09-01)
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 5024 d)
Locations: Fertility and Sterility (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Center for Research Resources
University of Chicago (DRTC P60-DK20595)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
National Institutes of Health (RR-00055, U54-041859, UL1RR024999)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
Keywords: anti-Müllerian hormone, polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian hyperandrogenism, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, Rotterdam criteria
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Female, Humans, Organ Size, Osmolar Concentration, Ovarian Diseases, Ovary, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Cohort Studies, Case-Control Studies, Hyperandrogenism, Anti-Mullerian Hormone, Young Adult

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Antimüllerian hormone levels are independently related to ovarian hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries

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