Serum levels of anti-mullerian hormone as a marker of ovarian function in 926 healthy females from birth to adulthood and in 172 Turner syndrome patients
Abstract
CONTEXT: In adult women, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is related to the ovarian follicle pool. Little is known about AMH in girls. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to provide a reference range for AMH in girls and adolescents and to evaluate AMH as a marker of ovarian function. SETTING: The study was conducted at a tertiary referral center for pediatric endocrinology. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We measured AMH in 926 healthy females (longitudinal values during infancy) as well as in 172 Turner syndrome (TS) patients according to age, karyotype (A: 45,X; B: miscellaneous karyotypes; C: 45,X/46,XX), and ovarian function (1: absent puberty; 2: cessation of ovarian function; 3: ongoing ovarian function). RESULTS: AMH was undetectable in 54% (38 of 71) of cord blood samples (<2; <2-15 pmol/liter) (median; 2.5th to 97.5th percentile) and increased in all (37 of 37) infants from birth to 3 months (15; 4.5-29.5 pmol/liter). From 8 to 25 yr, AMH levels were stable (19.9; 4.7-60.1 pmol/liter), with the lower level of the reference range clearly above the detection limit. AMH levels were associated with TS-karyotype groups (median A vs. B: <2 vs. 3 pmol/liter, P = 0.044; B vs. C: 3 vs. 16 pmol/liter, P < 0.001) as well as with ovarian function (absent puberty vs. cessation of ovarian function: <2 vs. 6 pmol/liter, P = 0.004; cessation of ovarian function vs. ongoing ovarian function: 6 vs. 14 pmol/liter, P = 0.001). As a screening test of premature ovarian failure in TS, the sensitivity and specificity of AMH less than 8 pmol/liter was 96 and 86%, respectively. CONCLUSION: AMH seems to be a promising marker of ovarian function in healthy girls and TS patients.
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AMH concentrations can vary in the same patient due to inter-test and biological variability.
“However, AMH concentrations can vary in the same patient due to inter-test and biological variability,581,583 and heterogeneity exists in available AMH assays and detection levels.583”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [581]
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- Authors
- Hagen, C. P., Aksglaede, L., Sørensen, K., Main, K. M., Boas, M., Cleemann, L., Holm, K., Gravholt, C. H., Andersson, A.-M., Pedersen, A. T., Petersen, J. H., Linneberg, A., Kjaergaard, S., & Juul, A.
- Affiliations
- Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
- Nordsjællands Hospital (DK)
- Aarhus University Hospital (DK)
- Glostrup Hospital (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Hagen, Casper P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2010-11
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 5003-5010
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W2117364932
- Cited by
- 383
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 35.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Keywords
- anti-Müllerian hormone, Turner syndrome, ovarian function, ovarian reserve, reference values, umbilical cord blood, premature ovarian failure, karyotype, girls and adolescents, longitudinal development, sensitivity and specificity, healthy women, 45,X/46,XX mosaicism, 45,X karyotype, 46,XX karyotype
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Child, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Inhibins, Middle Aged, Ovary, Reference Values, ROC Curve, Turner Syndrome, Biomarkers, Statistics, Nonparametric, Anti-Mullerian Hormone
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