A prospective study of prepregnancy serum concentrations of perfluorochemicals and the risk of gestational diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Objective To examine preconception serum concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and six other PFCs in relation to gestational diabetes (GDM) risk.Design Prospective cohort with longitudinal follow-up.Setting Not applicable.Patient(s) Among 501 women recruited upon discontinuing contraception for the purpose of becoming pregnant, 258 (51%) became pregnant and were eligible for the study, of which 28 (11%) reported having physician-diagnosed GDM during follow-up.Intervention(s) None.Main outcome measure(s) The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of GDM associated with each standard deviation (SD) increment of preconception serum PFOA concentration (ng/mL, log-transformed) and six other PFCs were estimated with the use of logistic regression after adjusting for age, prepregnancy body mass index, smoking, and parity conditional on gravidity.Result(s) Preconception geometric mean (95% CI) PFOA concentrations (in ng/mL) were higher for women with than without GDM (3.94 [3.15-4.93] vs. 3.07 [2.83-3.12], respectively). Each SD increment in PFOA was associated with a 1.87-fold increased GDM risk (adjusted OR 1.86 [95% CI 1.14-3.02]). A slightly increased risk associated with each SD increment for the six other PFCs was observed as well (all ORs >1.0, range 1.06-1.27), although the associations were not statistically significant.Conclusion(s) Our findings suggested that higher environmentally relevant concentrations of PFOA were significantly associated with an increased risk of GDM. If corroborated, these findings may be suggestive of a possible environmental etiology for GDM.
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Some environmental factors, such as passive smoking and exposure to persistent organic pollutants or endocrine disruptors, might contribute to an increased risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus.
“Some environmental factors, such as passive smoking156 and exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POP) or endocrine disruptors158,159, might contribute to an increased risk of developing GDM.”
From A global view of hypertensive disorders and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy (2022) · cites this paper as [159]
Environmental factors such as indoor air pollution, passive smoking, POPs and endocrine disruptors might contribute to increased risk of HDP or GDM in pregnancy.
“Given that environmental factors such as indoor air pollution168, passive smoking156, POPs, and endocrine disruptors158,159 might contribute to an increased risk of developing either HDP or GDM in pregnancy”
From A global view of hypertensive disorders and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy (2022) · cites this paper as [159]
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“93 Geometric mean (95% CI) 0.11 (0.10–0.12)‡ 0.11 (0.09–0.14)‡ 0.20 Me-PFOSA-AcOH (2-(N-methyl-perfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetic acid) % LOD* (LOD=0.2) 26 21 Geometric mean (95% CI) 0.29 (0.26–0.33) 0.30 (0.21–0.42) 0.95 PFDeA (perfluorodecanoic acid) % LOD* (LOD=0.2) 9 4 Geometric mean (95% CI) 0.40 (0.37–0.43) 0.4…”
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- Authors
- Zhang, C., Sundaram, R., Maisog, J., Calafat, A. M., Barr, D. B., & Buck Louis, G. M.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Cuilin
- Venue
- Fertility and Sterility
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-01
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 184-189
- ISSN
- 0015-0282 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4282598
- OpenAlex
- W1981158609
- Cited by
- 135
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 4.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Fertility and Sterility (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99HD999999)
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- U.S. Public Health Service (N0HHD-3-3358)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N01-HD-3–3356, N01-HD-3–3355)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (N01‐HD‐3–3355, N01-HD-3–3356, NOH-HD-3-3358, ZIAHD008889, ZIAHD008770)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
- Keywords
- perfluorooctanoic acid, perfluorocarbons, gestational diabetes mellitus, environmental exposure, endocrine disruptors, women of reproductive age
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Environmental Pollutants, Female, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Michigan, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Texas, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Diabetes, Gestational
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