Deacidification of palm oil using betaine monohydrate-based natural deep eutectic solvents
Abstract
In the palm oil industry, the deacidification process is performed by steam stripping which causes the loss of most of palm oil's natural antioxidants due to high temperature. The liquid-liquid extraction process which is carried out at low temperature is preferable in order to preserve these compounds. The use of hydrated ethanol can reduce the losses of antioxidants, but the ability of this solvent to extract free fatty acids also decreases. Betaine monohydrate-based natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have extensive potential for this process. The selectivity of these NADES was determined to select a preferable solvent. The betaine monohydrate-glycerol NADES in a molar ratio of 1:8 was determined to be the preferred solvent with the highest selectivity. This solvent has an efficiency of palmitic acid extraction of 34.14%, and the amount of antioxidants can be preserved in the refined palm oil up to 99%. The compounds are stable during extraction.
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Betaine NADES is a successful alternative to steam stripping for palm oil deacidification, which causes loss of natural antioxidants due to high temperature.
“The application of betaine NADES for the palm oil deacidification was demonstrated to be successful alternative to the process traditionally performed by steam stripping, which causes the loss of the majority of palm oil's natural antioxidants due to high temperature (Zahrina et al. 2018).”
From The perspectives of natural deep eutectic solvents in agri-food sector (2020) · cites this paper as Zahrina et al. 2018
Betaine monohydrate-glycerol NADES at 1:8 molar ratio extracted palmitic acid with 34.14% efficiency and preserved up to 99% of antioxidants in refined palm oil.
“The betaine monohydrate-glycerol NADES in a molar ratio of 1:8 was demonstrated to have an efficiency of palmitic acid extraction of 34.14%, and the amount of antioxidants can be preserved in the refined palm oil up to 99%.”
From The perspectives of natural deep eutectic solvents in agri-food sector (2020) · cites this paper as Zahrina et al. 2018
Betaine monohydrate-glycerol (1:8) was the most selective NADES for palm oil deacidification, with a palmitic acid distribution coefficient of 0.52 (g/L)(g/L)-1 and the lowest antioxidant distribution coefficient.
“The combination of betaine monohydrateeglycerol (1:8) was the most selective with a distribution coefficient of palmitic acid of 0.52 (g/L)(g/L) À1 and the lowest distribution coefficient of antioxidants, as observed by HPLC and NMR [20].”
From Green solvents from ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents to natural deep eutectic solvents (2018) · cites this paper as [20]
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Applications of Deep Eutectic Solvent in Palm Oil Extractions and Biomass Processing
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- Authors
- Zahrina, I., Nasikin, M., Krisanti, E., & Mulia, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Indonesia (ID)
- Corresponding author
- Mulia, Kamarza
- Venue
- Food Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-02
- Volume
- 240
- Pages
- 490-495
- ISSN
- 0308-8146 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2736416626
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 3.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Food Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- IAARD (138/PL.220/I.1/3/2014.k)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Ionic liquids properties and applications
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Edible Oils Quality and Analysis
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Chemistry and Fat Analysis
- Keywords
- natural deep eutectic solvents, glycerol, liquid-liquid extraction, palmitic acid, antioxidants, refined palm oil, solvent selectivity, ethanol
- MeSH terms
- Palm Oil, Betaine, Glycerol, Plant Oils, Solvents
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