Application of natural deep eutectic solvents to the extraction of anthocyanins from Catharanthus roseus with high extractability and stability replacing conventional organic solvents
Open accessAbstract
Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have attracted a great deal of attention in recent times as promising green media. They are generally composed of neutral, acidic or basic compounds that form liquids of high viscosity when mixed in certain molar ratio. Despite their potential, viscosity and acid or basic nature of some ingredients may affect the extraction capacity and stabilizing ability of the target compounds. To investigate these effects, extraction with a series of NADES was employed for the analysis of anthocyanins in flower petals of Catharanthus roseus in combination with HPLC-DAD-based metabolic profiling. Along with the extraction yields of anthocyanins their stability in NADES was also studied. Multivariate data analysis indicates that the lactic acid-glucose (LGH), and 1,2-propanediol-choline chloride (PCH) NADES present a similar extraction power for anthocyanins as conventional organic solvents. Furthermore, among the NADES employed, LGH exhibits an at least three times higher stabilizing capacity for cyanidins than acidified ethanol, which facilitates their extraction and analysis process. Comparing NADES to the conventional organic solvents, in addition to their reduced environmental impact, they proved to provide higher stability for anthocyanins, and therefore have a great potential as possible alternatives to those organic solvents in health related areas such as food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
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Majority of hydrophilic NADES are characterized by high viscosity higher than that of pure organic solvents, in the range 200-500 mm2/s at 40°C, which is a major disadvantage that may limit their extraction capacity and applicability.
“The majority of (hydrophilic) NADES are characterized with high viscosity higher than that of pure organic solvents, determined to be in the range 200-500 mm 2 s -1 at 40°C, being one of their major disadvantages that may limit their extraction capacity and applicability such as time-consuming solvent transfer operations, slow mass transfer in dissolutions or extractions, preheating before process”
From The perspectives of natural deep eutectic solvents in agri-food sector (2020) · cites this paper as Dai et al. 2016
Section 3.2.1 identifies high viscosity, compared with conventional solvents, as a disadvantage of NADES that slows mass transfer and reduces extraction ability. Section 3.1.2 reports viscosities for six tested NADES in cP, but does not establish that most hydrophilic NADES fall in the claimed 200–500 mm²/s range at 40°C. The cited passages also do not address time-consuming solvent transfer operations. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAnthocyanins from purple and orange petals of Catharanthus roseus showed similar stability enhancement in lactic acid-glucose NADES.
“Similar findings were reported for anthocyanins from purple and orange petals of Catharanthus roseus in lactic acid-glucose (LGH) (Dai et al. 2016).”
From The perspectives of natural deep eutectic solvents in agri-food sector (2020) · cites this paper as Dai et al. 2016
Section 3.1.1 reports extracting anthocyanins from purple and orange Catharanthus roseus petals with LGH. But the stability test used a cyanidin reference-standard solution, not anthocyanins extracted from either petal color (Sections 2.4 and 3.3; page numbers unavailable). The reported stability enhancement therefore does not establish the same result for both petal extracts. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe stabilizing ability of NADES is explained by intermolecular interactions, mainly hydrogen bonding between solutes and NADES, which reduce solute movement and protect solutes from oxidative degradation.
“The stabilizing ability of NADES is explained by the existence of intermolecular interactions, mainly hydrogen bonding between solutes and NADES that stabilize solutes molecules and lead to reduction in solutes movement and consequently protect solutes from oxidative degradation(Dai et al. 2016; de los Ángeles Fernández et al. 2018a).”
From The perspectives of natural deep eutectic solvents in agri-food sector (2020) · cites this paper as Dai et al. 2016
Section 3.3 (page unavailable) proposes that hydrogen bonding between cyanidin and LGH reduces solute movement and contact with oxygen, thereby reducing oxidative degradation. The paper calls this a hypothesis and discusses a specific cyanidin–NADES system; the claim presents it as an established explanation for NADES and solutes generally. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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Dai, Y., Verpoorte, R., & Choi, Y. H. (2014) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.02.155 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
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- A. Casta ñeda-Ovando, M.D.L. Pacheco-Hernández, M.E. Páez-Hernández, J.A. Rodríguez, C.A. Galán-Vidal, Chemical studies of anthocyanins: a review, Food Chem. 113 (2009) 859-871.
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- Authors
- Dai, Y., Rozema, E., Verpoorte, R., & Choi, Y. H.
- Affiliations
- Leiden University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Choi, Young Hae
- Venue
- Journal of Chromatography A
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 1434
- Pages
- 50-56
- ISSN
- 0021-9673 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2296486020
- Cited by
- 416
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 55 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 54 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 8.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- Journal of Chromatography A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (711.012.010)
- China Scholarship Council
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Ionic liquids properties and applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Chromatography in Natural Products
- Keywords
- natural deep eutectic solvents, anthocyanins, Catharanthus roseus, petals, extraction, anthocyanin stability, cyanidin, green solvents, organic solvent replacement, metabolite profiling
- MeSH terms
- Anthocyanins, Biological Products, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Plant Extracts, Solvents, Catharanthus, Metabolomics
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