Cited by 101Coffee research and impactsFood Chemistry and Fat AnalysisFermentation and Sensory Analysis

Chemical and sensory evaluation of cold brew coffees using different roasting profiles and brewing methods

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Córdoba, Nancy, Moreno, Fabian L., Osorio, Coralia, Velásquez, Sebastián, Ruiz, Yolanda·2021·Food Research International

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of different roasting profiles (time/temperature) and brewing methods on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of coffee brews. Cold brewing (dripping and immersion) and hot brewing (French press) methods were studied to understand the effects of water temperature and technical brewing method conditions on the chemical compound extraction in coffees roasted at high-temperature short time (HTST) and low-temperature long time (LTLT). The results showed that coffee beverages were clearly differentiated concerning the roasting profile when hot water was used (90 ± 3 °C) in brewing. Separation of beverages according to the water temperature used in brewing was observed. Notably, hot brewing coffees were distinguished from cold brewing (19 ± 2 °C) based on a higher titratable acidity and abundance of some furan compounds. The non-volatile extraction rate increased at higher brewing temperatures. At the same brewing temperature, dripping exhibited a higher extraction rate than immersion brewing, which suggests that the coffee extraction process is affected by the design and operation of the cold brewing system. Coffee beverages brewed with HTST and cold dripping displayed the highest value in total dissolved solids (TDS), extraction yield, as well as the highest caffeine, trigonelline, 4- and 5-caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs) contents. Regardless of the roasting profile, coffees brewed by cold dripping were perceived with more bitter and roasted flavors. In contrast, cold immersion and hot coffee beverages showed remarkable sweetness, nutty, caramel, and malt attributes. In turn, these attributes showed an inverse correlation with caffeine concentration, trigonelline, CQAs, and TDS. The findings of this study demonstrate that volatile and non-volatile compounds present in roasted coffee depend on time-temperature roasting conditions; in turn, their presence in the resulting beverages are related to the extraction of the operational conditions of coffee brewing methods.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110141

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57 of 57 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Cold brew coffee with immersion extraction had a higher abundance of total furans and pyrazines than hot brew coffee by the French press method.

    “it was reported that cold brew coffee with immersion extraction had a higher abundance in total furans and pyrazines than hot brew coffee by the French press method.”
  • Most coffee sensory studies of brewed coffee focused on pressurized espresso brew or flow-based drip brew, while there are comparatively fewer sensory studies on full immersion brewing methods other than a few recent ones focused on cold brew.

    “While most coffee sensory studies of brewed coffee focused on pressurized espresso brew or flow-based drip brew2,4,6–10, there are comparatively less sensory studies on full immersion brewing methods other than a few recent ones focused on cold brew10–14.”

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Authors
Córdoba, N., Moreno, F. L., Osorio, C., Velásquez, S., & Ruiz, Y.
Affiliations
  • Universidad de La Sabana (CO)
  • Universidad Nacional de Colombia (CO)
Venue
Food Research International
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-03
Volume
141
Pages
110141
ISSN
0963-9969 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3122763543
Cited by
101
References
57
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 9
FWCI
10.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Food Research International (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Intellectum (Universidad de La Sabana) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
  • Catholic Relief Services
  • Universidad de La Sabana
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Coffee research and impacts
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Food Chemistry and Fat Analysis
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Fermentation and Sensory Analysis
Keywords
cold brew coffee, brewing technology, dripping, French press, water temperature, caffeine, trigonelline, caffeoylquinic acids, total dissolved solids, extraction yield, sensory properties, furan derivatives, titratable acidity, volatile compounds
MeSH terms
Caffeine, Coffee, Hot Temperature, Taste, Coffea

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