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A review of ultrasound-assisted extraction for plant bioactive compounds: Phenolics, flavonoids, thymols, saponins and proteins
Abstract
Plant bioactive compounds are important sources for the development of food, nutraceutical, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products. Ultrasound-assisted extraction is one of the promising methods in the extraction of plant bioactive compounds. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction is accepted as a green extraction technique due to its high performance with less solvent and time consumption, as well as suitable for thermo-sensitive compounds. The objective of this paper is to review the recent advancement of ultrasound-assisted extraction for bioactive compounds from plant material. The mechanism and advantages of ultrasound-assisted extraction are discussed, particularly focusing on the extraction of bioactive compounds such as phenolics, flavonoids, thymols, saponins and proteins. Previous studies on the optimization of extraction variables are systematically reviewed to reveal their significant contribution to the yield and quality change of bioactive compounds. Ultrasonic technology has also been combined with other processing technologies to improve food quality, stability, safety and security. Therefore, ultrasound-assisted extraction is effective to recover bioactive compounds from plant materials and enhance the processing of food industries.
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“Ultrasonic with frequencies exceeding 20 kHz have demonstrated the ability to efficiently extract bioactive components from natural products [56].”
From A comprehensive review of ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) for bioactive components: Principles, advantages, equipment, and combined technologies (2023) · cites this paper as [56]
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FRUIT PEEL EXTRACTED POLYPHENOLS THROUGH ULTRASONIC ASSISTED EXTRACTION: A REVIEW
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“It is essential to clarify that polar solvents (mainly water) extract more hydrophilic compounds (which only participate in reaction with oxygen–hydrogen bonds as sugars), and ethanolic solvents (which participate in reaction with oxygen–hydrogen and polar carbon–oxygen as ethanol) are more effective in extracting phe…”
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“These factors should be tailored in accordance with the target compounds to maintain their stability, as UAE can produce intense conditions (temperature and pressure) [40,43].”
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“A combination of alkaline and acidified treatments, followed by sonication, can effectively release bound phenolics trapped within plant cell walls (Gonzales et al., 2014; Yusoff et al., 2022).”
BackgroundMushtaq, M., Amin, Q. A., Wani, T. A., et al. (2025) · Ultrasonics Sonochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107643 · Cited by 25
“This aligns with the established efficacy of UAE for extracting sensitive phytochemicals [33,34].”
Tazi, A., Moujahed, S. E., Jaouad, N., et al. (2024) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules29173982 · Cited by 24
“Generally, methanol is a good solvent for fat-soluble compounds, such as non-glycosylated flavonoids and terpenoids [63].”
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“The mild operating temperatures, generally less than 50 ◦ C, help preserve sensitive bioactives that would degrade using heat-based methods [67].”
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“These compounds can be extracted from natural matrixes using processes such as solvent extraction [9,10], pressurized fluid extraction [11,12], supercritical fluid extraction [13,14], ultrasound-assisted extraction [15,16], and microwave-assisted extraction [17,18].”
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“Therefore, the interest of researchers in new non-conventional extraction methods such as UAE has been growing in recent years [18].”
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“These are dependent on solubility and require high solvent and time depletion (Yusoff et al., 2022), and therefore, have prompted scientific researchers to invent green extraction methods such as ultrasound-assisted, microwaveassisted, and accelerated solvent extraction methods.”
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Methods for Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Products: A Review
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“Acoustic cavitation produced by the compression and decompression of microbubbles and heating due to the ionic conduction and dipole rotation involve the mechanisms behind UAE and MAE, respectively, which facilitate the plant cell disruption, the increased solubility, and therefore the release of the compounds of inte…”
BackgroundAkyüz, A., Tekin, İ., Aksoy, Z., et al. (2023) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.13210 · Cited by 22
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“Ethanol, with its lower polarity compared to water, has a higher affinity with polyphenols, thereby enhancing their extraction [41,36].”
Influential
Metadata
- Authors
- Yusoff, I. M., Mat Taher, Z., Rahmat, Z., & Chua, L. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Technology Malaysia (MY)
- Corresponding author
- Chua, Lee Suan
- Venue
- Food Research International
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-07
- Volume
- 157
- Pages
- 111268
- ISSN
- 0963-9969 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4224293492
- Semantic Scholar
- 0fdf3ace5c793eaec8ba5689e3b1941fbdcef29a
- Cited by
- 510
- References
- 136
- Citations by year
- 2026: 122 · 2025: 156 · 2024: 132 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 30
- FWCI
- 6.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Food Research International (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Acoustics and Ultrasonics › Ultrasound and Cavitation Phenomena
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Agricultural and Biological Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Keywords
- ultrasound-assisted extraction, phytochemicals, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, thymol, saponins, plant proteins, green extraction, extraction optimization, food processing, nutraceuticals
- MeSH terms
- Flavonoids, Phenols, Plants, Saponins, Thymol, Phytochemicals
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