Association between anxiety, health-related quality of life and functional impairment in primary care patients with chronic pain
Abstract
Objective Anxiety and chronic pain are prevalent and frequently co-occur. Our purpose was to examine the association between anxiety, health-related quality of life (HRQL) and functional impairment in primary care patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain.Methods Data were drawn from baseline interviews of the 250 primary care patients enrolled in the Stepped Care to Optimize Pain care Effectiveness trial. Validated measures were used to determine the proportion of patients screening positive for five common anxiety disorders: generalized anxiety, panic, social anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Bivariate analyses examined associations between the type and number of anxiety disorders for which patients screened positive and representative pain, psychological and other HRQL outcomes. Multivariable models controlling for major depression and other covariates examined the association between the number of screen-positive anxiety conditions and functional impairment in psychological [SF-12 mental component summary (MCS) score], pain [Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) interference score] and work (disability days) domains.Results One hundred fourteen (45%) patients screened positive for at least one anxiety disorder and, compared to the 136 screen-negative patients, had significantly worse scores across multiple pain, psychological and other HRQL domains. Substantial impairment was seen for each of the five screen-positive anxiety conditions and progressively worsened as the number of conditions increased from one (n=54) to two (n=26) to ≥3 (n=34). The number of screen-positive anxiety conditions was strongly associated (P<.0001) with worse BPI interference and MCS scores and more disability days in models adjusting for age, sex and medical comorbidity. After further adjusting for major depression, associations were attenuated but remained significant for BPI interference (P<.0001) and MCS (P=.018) and marginally significant for disability days (P=.062).Conclusion Nearly half of primary care patients with chronic pain screen positive for one or more anxiety disorders, which in turn are adversely associated with impairment across multiple domains of HRQL. Detecting and treating anxiety may be an important component of pain management.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) has been used and validated with chronic condition populations.
“It has been used and validated with chronic condition populations.17”
From Investigating the effectiveness of an online acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) intervention versus a waiting list control condition on pain interference and quality of life in adults with chronic pain and multimorbidity: Protocol for a randomised controlled trial (2019) · cites this paper as [17]
There is increasing evidence to support co-occurrence of persistent pain and anxiety disorders such as generalised anxiety disorder, panic attacks, social anxiety or PTSD.
“There is also increasing evidence to support the co-occurrence of persistent pain and anxiety disorders such as generalised anxiety disorder, panic attacks, social anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder.6–8”
From Protocol for a feasibility and acceptability study using a brief ACT-based intervention for people from Southwest Wales who live with persistent pain (2018) · cites this paper as [8]
Cites
(1992) · PubMed · Cited by 33,716 · see citing works
A Global Measure of Perceived Stress
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136404 · Cited by 32,807 · see citing works
A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The GAD-7
Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092 · Cited by 31,765 · see citing works
Self-citationWARE, J. E., KOSINSKI, M., & KELLER, S. D. (1996) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199603000-00003 · Cited by 17,392 · see citing works
MCHORNEY, C. A., JOHNE, W., & ANASTASIAE, R. (1993) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199303000-00006 · Cited by 6,681 · see citing works
Bush, K. (1998) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.158.16.1789 · Cited by 6,196 · see citing works
Anxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., Monahan, P. O., & Löwe, B. (2007) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00004 · Cited by 4,741 · see citing works
Self-citationKroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Löwe, B. (2010) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006 · Cited by 4,057 · see citing works
Self-citationDepression and Pain Comorbidity: A Literature Review
Bair, M. J., Robinson, R. L., Katon, W., & Kroenke, K. (2003) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.163.20.2433 · Cited by 3,463 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect Sizes for Interpreting Changes in Health Status
Kazis, L. E., Anderson, J. J., & Meenan, R. F. (1989) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-198903001-00015 · Cited by 2,401 · see citing works
RELIEVING PAIN IN AMERICA: A BLUEPRINT FOR TRANSFORMING PREVENTION, CARE, EDUCATION, AND RESEARCH
Simon, L. S. (2012) · Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.3109/15360288.2012.678473 · Cited by 2,185 · see citing works
Psychometric Evaluation and Calibration of Health-Related Quality of Life Item Banks
Reeve, B. B., Hays, R. D., Bjørner, J. B., Cook, K. F., Crane, P. K., Teresi, J. A., Thissen, D., Revicki, D. A., Weiss, D. J., Hambleton, R. K., et al. (2007) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000250483.85507.04 · Cited by 1,491 · see citing works
Cost of Lost Productive Work Time Among US Workers With Depression
Stewart, W. F. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.23.3135 · Cited by 1,421 · see citing works
The Primary Care PTSD screen (PC-PTSD): development and operating characteristics
Prins, A., Ouimette, P., Kimerling, R., Camerond, R. P., Hugelshofer, D. S., Shaw-Hegwer, J., Thrailkill, A., Gusman, F. D., & Sheikh, J. I. (2004) · Primary Care Psychiatry · doi:10.1185/135525703125002360 · Cited by 1,390 · see citing works
Collaborative Care for Depression: A Cumulative Meta-analysis and Review of Longer-term Outcomes
Gilbody, S. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.21.2314 · Cited by 1,340 · see citing works
The economic burden of anxiety disorders in the 1990s
Greenberg, P. E., Sisitsky, T., Kessler, R. C., Finkelstein, S. N., Berndt, E. R., Davidson, J. R. T., Ballenger, J. C., & Fyer, A. J. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v60n0702 · Cited by 1,242 · cited 10× · see citing works
“66 SF-36 general health [0–100] 58.”
BackgroundInfluentialDevelopment of a PROMIS item bank to measure pain interference
Amtmann, D., Cook, K. F., Jensen, M. P., Chen, W.-H., Choi, S., Revicki, D., Cella, D., Rothrock, N., Keefe, F., Callahan, L., et al. (2010) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.04.025 · Cited by 1,199 · see citing works
Relieving pain in America: a blueprint for transforming prevention, care, education, and research
(2012) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.49-6323 · Cited by 1,004 · see citing works
Bulger, R. E. (1992) · Kennedy Institute of Ethics journal · doi:10.1353/ken.0.0102 · Cited by 993 · see citing works
McWilliams, L. A., Cox, B. J., & Enns, M. W. (2003) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(03)00301-4 · Cited by 951 · see citing works
Physical symptoms in primary care. Predictors of psychiatric disorders and functional impairment
Kroenke, K. (1994) · Archives of Family Medicine · doi:10.1001/archfami.3.9.774 · Cited by 741 · see citing works
Self-citationBliese, P. D., Wright, K. M., Adler, A. B., Cabrera, Ó., Castro, C. A., & Hoge, C. W. (2008) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.76.2.272 · Cited by 733 · see citing works
Depression, anxiety and somatization in primary care: Syndrome overlap and functional impairment
Löwe, B., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., Mussell, M., Schellberg, D., & Kroenke, K. (2008) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2008.01.001 · Cited by 706 · see citing works
Self-citationAssessing global pain severity by self-report in clinical and health services research
Von Korff, M., Jensen, M. P., & Karoly, P. (2000) · Spine · doi:10.1097/00007632-200012150-00009 · Cited by 649 · see citing works
Patients presenting with somatic complaints: epidemiology, psychiatric co‐morbidity and management
Kroenke, K. (2003) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.140 · Cited by 624 · see citing works
Self-citationSymptoms in the community. Prevalence, classification, and psychiatric comorbidity
Kroenke, K. (1993) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.153.21.2474 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
Self-citationBair, M. J., Wu, J., Damush, T. M., Sutherland, J. M., & Kroenke, K. (2008) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e318185c510 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
Self-citationMale and female chronic pain patients categorized by DSM-III psychiatric diagnostic criteria
Fishbain, D. A., GOLDBERG, M. L., Meagher, R. B., Steele, R., & Rosomoff, H. L. (1986) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(86)90074-6 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
Mini-SPIN: A brief screening assessment for generalized social anxiety disorder
Connor, K. M., Kobak, K. A., Churchill, L. E., Katzelnick, D., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2001) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.1055 · Cited by 537 · cited 4× · see citing works
“The cutpoint was ≥10 for the GAD-7 [10,17]; ≥3 of four items endorsed as present on the PTSD screener [18,19]; ≥6 on the Social Phobia Inventory [20,21]; ≥3 items endorsed on the PHQ panic scale [12] and a response of either “most of the time” or “all of the time” to the OCD screening question (How often over the past…”
MethodInfluentialEfficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders: A Review of Meta-Analytic Findings
Olatunji, B. O., Cisler, J. M., & Deacon, B. J. (2010) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2010.04.002 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test
Rebecca, B. (2010) · doi:10.4135/9781412964500.n20 · Cited by 481 · see citing works
Roy-Byrne, P., Craske, M. G., Sullivan, G., Rose, R. D., Edlund, M. J., Lang, A. J., Bystritsky, A., Welch, S. S., Chavira, D. A., Golinelli, D., et al. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.608 · Cited by 452 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Regarding anxiety, the Coordinated Anxiety Learning and Management trial found that medication and/or cognitive–behavioral therapy based upon patient preferenceswas superior to usual care and effective regardless of the type of anxiety disorder [11,52].”
BackgroundKroenke, K., Bair, M. J., Damush, T. M., Wu, J., Hoke, S., Sutherland, J., & Tu, W. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.723 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Self-citationKroenke, K. (1993) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1993.00410210102011 · Cited by 408 · see citing works
Self-citationHigh prevalence of mental disorders in primary care
Ansseau, M., Dierick, M., Buntinkx, F., Cnockaert, P., De Smedt, J., Van Den Haute, M., & Vander Mijnsbrugge, D. (2004) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00219-7 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Rollman, B. L., Belnap, B. H., LeMenager, M. S., Mazumdar, S., Houck, P. R., Counihan, P. J., Kapoor, W. N., Schulberg, H. C., & Reynolds, C. F. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1670 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Common comorbidity scales were similar in their ability to predict health care costs and mortality
Perkins, A. J., Kroenke, K., Unützer, J., Katon, W. J., Williams, J. W., Hope, C. J., & Callahan, C. M. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.03.002 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Self-citationGureje, O., Von Korff, M., Kola, L., Demyttenaere, K., He, Y., Posada-Villa, J., Lepine, J. P., Angermeyer, M. C., Levinson, D., de Girolamo, G., et al. (2008) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.05.005 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Collaborative Care for Chronic Pain in Primary Care: A Cluster Randomized Trial
Dobscha, S. K., Corson, K., Perrin, N. A., Hanson, G. C., Leibowitz, R. Q., Doak, M. N., Dickinson, K. C., Sullivan, M. D., & Gerrity, M. S. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.377 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Effect of Telecare Management on Pain and Depression in Patients With Cancer
Kroenke, K., Theobald, D., Wu, J., Norton, K., Morrison, G. C., Carpenter, J. S., & Tu, W. (2010) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.944 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Self-citationKaton, W. J., Unützer, J., Wells, K. B., & Jones, L. (2010) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.04.001 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Systematic review of multifaceted interventions to improve depression care
Williams, J. W., Gerrity, M., Holsinger, T., Dobscha, S. K., Gaynes, B. N., & Dietrich, A. J. (2007) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2006.12.003 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Detecting panic disorder in medical and psychosomatic outpatients
Löwe, B., Gräfe, K., Zipfel, S., Spitzer, R. L., Herrmann‐Lingen, C., Witte, S., & Herzog, W. (2003) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00072-2 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Development and psychometric analysis of the PROMIS pain behavior item bank
Revicki, D. A., Chen, W.-H., Harnam, N., Cook, K. F., Amtmann, D., Callahan, L. F., Jensen, M. P., & Keefe, F. J. (2009) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2009.07.029 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Functional Impact and Health Utility of Anxiety Disorders in Primary Care Outpatients
Stein, M. B., Roy‐Byrne, P., Craske, M. G., Bystritsky, A., Sullivan, G., Pyne, J. M., Katon, W. J., & Sherbourne, C. D. (2005) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000185750.18119.fd · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Otto, M. W., Smits, J. A. J., & Reese, H. E. (2005) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.bpi009 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Rollman, B. L., Belnap, B. H., Mazumdar, S., Houck, P. R., Zhu, F., Gardner, W., Reynolds, C. F., Schulberg, H. C., & Shear, M. K. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.12.1332 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Depressive, anxiety, and somatoform disorders in primary care: prevalence and recognition
Mergl, R., Seidscheck, I., Allgaier, A., Möller, H., Hegerl, U., & Henkel, V. (2006) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20192 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
A simplified way of measuring sense of coherence
Lundberg, O., & Peck, M. N. (1995) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/5.1.56 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Craske, M. G., Stein, M. B., Sullivan, G., Sherbourne, C., Bystritsky, A., Rose, R. D., Lang, A. J., Welch, S., Campbell-Sills, L., Golinelli, D., et al. (2011) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.25 · Cited by 132 · cited 3× · see citing works
“However, first-line treatments, particularly in primary care patients, often involve antidepressants proven effective for several types of anxiety disorders (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors) as well as the depression that frequently accompanies anxiety [11,59].”
BackgroundA comprehensive review of telehealth for pain management: where we are and the way ahead
McGeary, D. D., McGeary, C. A., & Gatchel, R. J. (2012) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1533-2500.2012.00534.x · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Stepped Care for Affective Disorders and Musculoskeletal Pain (SCAMP) study
Kroenke, K., Bair, M. J., Damush, T. M., Hoke, S., Nicholas, G., Kempf, C., Huffman, M. A., Wu, J., & Sutherland, J. M. (2007) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2007.08.005 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationHarland, N. J., & Georgieff, K. (2003) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/0090-5550.48.4.296 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
The Indiana Cancer Pain and Depression (INCPAD) trial
Kroenke, K., Theobald, D., Norton, K., Sanders, R., Schlundt, S., McCalley, S., Harvey, P., Iseminger, K. A., Morrison, G. C., Carpenter, J. S., et al. (2009) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.01.007 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychometric Properties of the Mini-Social Phobia Inventory
Seeley-Wait, E., Abbott, M. J., & Rapee, R. M. (2009) · The Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/pcc.07m00576 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Rodriguez, B. F., Weisberg, R. B., Pagano, M. E., Machan, J. T., Culpepper, L., & Keller, M. B. (2004) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2003.09.005 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Kroenke, K., Krebs, E., Wu, J., Bair, M. J., Damush, T., Chumbler, N., York, T., Weitlauf, S., McCalley, S., Evans, E., et al. (2013) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2012.11.008 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationAnxiety but Not Social Stressors Predict 12-Month Depression and Pain Severity
Bair, M. J., Poleshuck, E. L., Wu, J., Krebs, E. E., Damush, T. M., Tu, W., & Kroenke, K. (2012) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0b013e3182652ee9 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationBrief Intervention for Anxiety in Primary Care Patients
Roy‐Byrne, P., Veitengruber, J., Bystritsky, A., Edlund, M. J., Sullivan, G., Craske, M. G., Welch, S. S., Rose, R., & Stein, M. B. (2009) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.2009.02.080078 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Anxiety Disorders: Efficient Screening Is the First Step in Improving Outcomes
Katon, W. J., & Roy‐Byrne, P. (2007) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00011 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Telecare Management of Pain and Depression in Patients With Cancer
Johns, S. A., Kroenke, K., Theobald, D., Wu, J., & Tu, W. (2011) · Journal of Ambulatory Care Management · doi:10.1097/jac.0b013e31820ef628 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationCancer-Related Pain and Disability: A Longitudinal Study
Wang, H., Kroenke, K., Wu, J., Tu, W., Theobald, D., & Rawl, S. M. (2011) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2011.02.019 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationThe telephone as a new weapon in the battle against depression.
Dietrich, A. J. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Houston, J., Kroenke, K., Davidson, J. R. T., Adler, L. A., Faries, D. E., AHL, J. S. B., Swindle, R. W., & Trzepacz, P. T. (2011) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.3810/pgm.2011.09.2463 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationAnxiety Disorders in Rural Primary Care: Use of the MINI to Estimate Prevalence in Clinic Patients
Marks, S. L., Wegelin, J. A., Bourgeois, J. A., & Perkins, J. (2010) · Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved · doi:10.1353/hpu.0.0302 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Common brain mechanisms of chronic pain and addiction
Elman, I., & Borsook, D. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.11.027 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Graded chronic pain scale revised: mild, bothersome, and high-impact chronic pain
Korff, M. V., DeBar, L., Krebs, E. E., Kerns, R. D., Deyo, R. A., & Keefe, F. J. (2019) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001758 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Self-citationUnderstanding persons with psychological distress in primary health care
Arvidsdotter, T., Marklund, B., Kylén, S., Taft, C., & Ekman, I. (2016) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/scs.12289 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Kawai, K., Kawai, A. T., Wollan, P. C., & Yawn, B. P. (2017) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmx034 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Chronic Pain and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: An Integrative Review
Knoerl, R., Lavoie Smith, E. M., & Weisberg, J. (2016) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/0193945915615869 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Khilnani, N. M., Meissner, M. H., Learman, L. A., Gibson, K. D., DANIELS, J. P., Winokur, R. S., Marvel, R. P., Machan, L. S., Venbrux, A. C., Tu, F. F., et al. (2019) · Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jvir.2018.10.008 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Determinants of pain and functioning in knee osteoarthritis: a one-year prospective study
Helminen, E.-E., Sinikallio, S., Valjakka, A. L., Väisänen-Rouvali, R. H., & Arokoski, J. P. (2016) · Clinical Rehabilitation · doi:10.1177/0269215515619660 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Central sensitization and the biopsychosocial approach to understanding pain
Adams, L. M., & Turk, D. C. (2018) · Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research · doi:10.1111/jabr.12125 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Schmid, W., Rosland, J. H., von Hofacker, S., Hunskår, I., & Bruvik, F. K. (2018) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/s12904-018-0286-4 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Auriculotherapy to reduce anxiety and pain in nursing professionals: a randomized clinical trial
Kurebayashi, L. F. S., Turrini, R. N. T., de Souza, T. P. B., Marques, C. F., Rodrigues, R. T. F., & Charlesworth, K. (2017) · Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/1518-8345.1761.2843 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Morgan, S. J., Friedly, J. L., Amtmann, D., Salem, R., & Hafner, B. J. (2016) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2016.09.118 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Not All Pain is Created Equal: Basic Definitions and Diagnostic Work-Up
Bonezzi, C., Fornasari, D., Cricelli, C. A., Magni, A., & Ventriglia, G. (2020) · Pain and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40122-020-00217-w · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Kioskli, K., Scott, W., Winkley, K., Kylakos, S., & McCracken, L. M. (2019) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnz071 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Smedley, R. M., Coulson, N., Gavin, J., Rodham, K., & Watts, L. A. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.040 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Manhapra, A., & Becker, W. C. (2018) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2018.02.013 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Chronic Pain and Psychiatric Conditions
Johnston, K. J. A., & Huckins, L. M. (2022) · Complex Psychiatry · doi:10.1159/000527041 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Pitzer, C., Porta, C. L., Treede, R., & Tappe‐Theodor, A. (2018) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1002/ejp.1303 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Responsiveness of the PROMIS-29 Scales in Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain
Khutok, K., Janwantanakul, P., Jensen, M. P., & Kanlayanaphotporn, R. (2020) · Spine · doi:10.1097/brs.0000000000003724 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Clinical Uses of Intrathecal Therapy and Its Placement in the Pain Care Algorithm
Pope, J. E., Deer, T. R., Bruel, B. M., & Falowski, S. M. (2016) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.12438 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Arango-Dávila, C. A., & Rincón-Hoyos, H. G. (2016) · Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría · doi:10.1016/j.rcp.2016.10.007 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Samsson, K. S., Grimmer, K. A., Larsson, M. E. H., Morris, J. H., & Bernhardsson, S. (2020) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-020-03673-9 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Neuronal basis for pain-like and anxiety-like behaviors in the central nucleus of the amygdala
Chen, W., Lien, C., & Chen, C. (2021) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002389 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Sang, K., Bao, C., Xin, Y., Hu, S., Gao, X., Wang, Y., Bodner, M., Zhou, Y., & Dong, X. (2018) · Molecular Pain · doi:10.1177/1744806918783931 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Persistent nociception induces anxiety-like behavior in rodents: Role of endogenous neuropeptide S
Zhang, S., Jin, X., You, Z., Wang, S., Lim, G., Yang, J., McCabe, M. F., Li, N., Marota, J. J. A., Chen, L. L., et al. (2014) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2014.04.026 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Associates of Insomnia in People with Chronic Spinal Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Bilterys, T., Siffain, C. N., Maeyer, I. D., Looveren, E. V., Maîresse, O., Nijs, J., Meeus, M., Ickmans, K., Cagnie, B. J., Goubert, D., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10143175 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Bermudez, T., Bierbauer, W., Scholz, U., & Hermann, M. (2021) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2021.1952191 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
DiBenedetto, D. J., Wawrzyniak, K. M., Schatman, M. E., Kulich, R. J., & Finkelman, M. (2018) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s188795 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Harris, M., Erridge, S., Ergisi, M., Nimalan, D., Kawka, M., Salazar, O., Ali, R., Loupasaki, K., Holvey, C., Coomber, R., et al. (2021) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1080/17512433.2022.2017771 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Central Sensitization in Chronic Pain and Eating Disorders: A Potential Shared Pathogenesis
Sim, L., Harbeck Weber, C., Harrison, T., & Peterson, C. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-019-09685-5 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Arango-Dávila, C. A., & Rincón-Hoyos, H. G. (2018) · Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.rcpeng.2017.12.003 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Clinical interpretation of opioid tolerance versus opioid-induced hyperalgesia
Chen, L. L., Sein, M. T., Vo, B. T., Amhmed, S., Zhang, Y., Hilaire, K. S., Houghton, M., & Mao, J. (2014) · Journal of Opioid Management · doi:10.5055/jom.2014.0235 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Psychological flexibility, self-compassion and daily functioning in chronic pain
Davey, A., Chilcot, J., Driscoll, E., & McCracken, L. M. (2020) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.06.005 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Domains of common mental disorders in women reporting intimate partner violence
dos Santos, A. G., & Monteiro, C. F. D. S. (2018) · Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/1518-8345.2740.3099 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Dragioti, E., Larsson, B. K., Bernfort, L., Levin, L., & Gerdle, B. U. C. (2017) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s143060 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The Neurobiology of Panic: A Chronic Stress Disorder
Goddard, A. (2017) · Chronic Stress · doi:10.1177/2470547017736038 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Yu, L., Kioskli, K., & McCracken, L. (2021) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2021.02.011 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
A Review of Chronic Wounds and Their Impact on Negative Affect, Cognition, and Quality of Life
Redmond, M. C., Gethin, G., & Finn, D. P. (2025) · International Wound Journal · doi:10.1111/iwj.70748 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Rosenberg, J. C., Fabi, A. Y., Candido, K. D., Knežević, N. N., Creamer, M. J., Carayannopoulos, A. G., Ghodsi, A., Nelson, C., & Bennett, M. (2016) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnw152 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Polaski, A. M., Phelps, A. L., Smith, T. J., Helm, E. R., Morone, N. E., Szucs, K. A., Kostek, M. C., & Kolber, B. J. (2020) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnaa403 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Samsson, K. S., & Larsson, M. E. H. (2014) · Manual Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.math.2014.06.009 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Wong, H. J., & Anițescu, M. (2016) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.12410 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
D’Aiuto, C., Gamm, S., Grenier, S., & Vasiliadis, H. (2021) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnab213 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Arvidsdotter, T., Marklund, B. R. G., Taft, C., & Kylén, S. P. (2015) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0654-z · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Saracutu, M., Edwards, D. J., Davies, H., & Rance, J. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021866 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Multinational dietary changes and anxiety during the coronavirus pandemic-findings from Israel
Shriqui, V. K., Navarro, D. A., Raz, O., & Boaz, M. (2021) · Israel Journal of Health Policy Research · doi:10.1186/s13584-021-00461-1 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Higgins, C., Smith, B. H., & Matthews, K. (2019) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.14768 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Frances, S. M., Velikova, G., Klein, M., Short, S. C., Murray, L. J., Wright, J. M., & Boele, F. W. (2021) · Neuro-Oncology Practice · doi:10.1093/nop/npab062 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Benefits and adverse effects of cannabis use among adults with persistent pain
Bigand, T. L., Anderson, C. L., Roberts, M. L. A., Shaw, M. R., & Wilson, M. (2018) · Nursing Outlook · doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2018.12.014 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Anxiety and depression in patients with suspected carpal tunnel syndrome – A case controlled study
McCallum, L. M., Damms, N. A., Sarrigiannis, P. G., & Zis, P. (2019) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.1342 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Pain Location and Functioning in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury
Miró, J., Gertz, K. J., Carter, G. T., & Jensen, M. P. (2014) · PM&R · doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2014.01.010 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Knoerl, R., Chornoby, Z., & Smith, E. (2018) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2018.01.001 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Velasco, R. V., Bakhshaie, J., Walker, R. L., Viana, A. G., Garza, M. J., Ochoa‐Perez, M., Paulus, D. J., Robles, Z., Valdivieso, J., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2016) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.07.007 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Jordan, K. P., Sim, J., Croft, P. R., & Blyth, F. (2018) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001374 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Baladón, L., Rubio-Valera, M., Serrano‐Blanco, A., Palao, D. J., & Fernández, A. (2015) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-015-1182-5 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Arvidsdotter, T., Marklund, B. R. G., & Taft, C. (2014) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/1472-6882-14-210 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Pacing and Avoidance in Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Hadzic, R., Sharpe, L., & Wood, B. M. (2017) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2017.04.008 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Tolerability of Opioid Analgesia for Chronic Pain: A Network Meta-Analysis
Meng, Z., Yu, J., Acuff, M. E., Luo, C. T., Wang, S., Yu, L., & Huang, R. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-02209-x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Paulus, D. J., Bakhshaie, J., Garza, M. J., Ochoa‐Perez, M., Mayorga, N. A., Bogiaizian, D., Robles, Z., Lü, Q., Ditre, J. W., Vowles, K. E., et al. (2016) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2016.07.002 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Tök, Ö., Tök, L., Atay, İ. M., Argun, T. C., Demirci, N., & Gunes, A. S. (2015) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2015.05.15 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Igwesi-Chidobe, C. N., Muomah, R. C., Sorinola, I. O., & Godfrey, E. L. (2021) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/s13690-021-00586-4 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Wang, X., Xiong, H.-Y., Du, S.-H., Yang, Q., & Hu, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.935925 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Sommer, J. L., Blaney, C., & El-Gabalawy, R. M. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.016 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Karra, R., Holten-Rossing, S., Mohammed, D., Parmeggiani, L., Heine, M., & Namnún, O. C. (2020) · Pain Management · doi:10.2217/pmt-2020-0098 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Molander, P., Dong, H., Äng, B. O., Enthoven, P., & Gerdle, B. U. C. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2018-0003 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Elkayal, M. M., Shahin, M. A. H., & Hussien, R. M. (2022) · Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association · doi:10.1186/s42506-021-00100-2 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Majuta, L. A., Guedon, J.-M. G., Mitchell, S. A. T., Ossipov, M. H., & Mantyh, P. W. (2016) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000799 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Ярошевський, О. А., Morozova, O. G., Logvinenko, A. V., & Lypynska, Y. V. (2019) · Wiadomości Lekarskie · doi:10.36740/wlek201901116 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Almeida, V. M., Carvalho, C., & Pereira, M. (2020) · Psychology, Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2019.1665189 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Connor, J. P., Brier, Z. M. F., & Price, M. (2020) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000866 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Karp, J. F., DiNapoli, E. A., Wetherell, J. L., Bolon, C. A., Rodríguez, E., Shega, J. W., & Weiner, D. K. (2016) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnw135 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Delage, N., Morel, V., Picard, P., Marcaillou, F., Pereira, B., & Pickering, G. P. (2017) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-017-2254-3 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Depression and Anxiety Among Patients on Chronic Opioid Therapy
Elrashidi, M. Y., Philpot, L. M., Ramar, P., Leasure, W. B., & Ebbert, J. O. (2018) · Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology · doi:10.1177/2333392818771243 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Miró, J., Sánchez‐Rodríguez, E., Nolla, M. C., Costa, R. M., Ribeiro, J. L. P., & Ferreira-Valente, A. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19116708 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Oh, Y., Yoon, H. J., Kim, J., & Joung, Y. (2018) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2018.16.1.407 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The cornucopia of central disinhibition pain – An evaluation of past and novel concepts
Forstenpointner, J., Berry, D., Baron, R., & Borsook, D. (2020) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105041 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Bisby, M. A., Chandra, S. S., Dudeney, J., Scott, A. J., Titov, N., & Dear, B. F. (2023) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnac158 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Kim, M.-S., Kim, B. Y., Saghetlians, A., Zhang, X., Okida, T., & Kim, S. Y. (2022) · The Korean journal of pain · doi:10.3344/kjp.2022.35.2.173 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Weiss, M. H., Gründahl, M., Deckert, J., Eichner, F. A., Kohls, M., Störk, S., Heuschmann, P. U., Hein, G., the STAAB-COVID Study Group, Gelbrich, G., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-38525-8 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Carvalho, T., Gomes, C., Rodrigues, A., & da Motta, C. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23483 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Chinese American Patients with Cancer Pain
Barrett, M., Chu, A., Chen, J., Lam, K. Y., Portenoy, R. K., & Dhingra, L. K. (2016) · Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health · doi:10.1007/s10903-016-0392-4 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Common Mental Disorders in Primary Health Care Units
Borges, T. L., Miasso, A. I., Reisdofer, E., dos Santos, M. A., Vedana, K. G. G., & Hegadoren, K. (2016) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/1078390316655207 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Cheng, Q., Xu, Y., Xie, L., Hu, Y., & Lv, Y. (2019) · Cadernos de Saúde Pública · doi:10.1590/0102-311x00008418 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Weiner, D. K., Gentili, A., Rossi, M. I., Coffey-Vega, K. L., Rodriguez, K. L., Hruska, K. L., Hausmann, L. R. M., & Perera, S. (2019) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnz179 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Zvolensky, M. J., Bakhshaie, J., Paulus, D. J., Langdon, K. J., Garza, M. J., Valdivieso, J., Ditre, J. W., Ochoa‐Perez, M., Lemaire, C. M., Bogiaizian, D., et al. (2017) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000638 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
A closer look: Alternative pain management practices by heart failure patients with chronic pain
McDonald, D. D., Soutar, C., Chan, M. A., & Afriyie, A. (2015) · Heart & Lung · doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2015.06.001 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Choi, N. G., Snow, A. L., & Kunik, M. E. (2015) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2015.1037244 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Zamanzadeh, V., Ahmadi, F., Foolady, M., Behshid, M., & Irajpoor, A. (2017) · Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.15171/jcs.2017.009 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Meng, L., Zheng, X., Xie, K., Li, Y., Liu, D., Xu, Y., Zhang, J., Wu, F., & Guo, G. (2024) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2024.100654 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Franklin, Z. C., Smith, N. C., & Fowler, N. (2014) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.020 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Lower serum selenium concentration associated with anxiety in children
Portnoy, J., Wang, J., Wang, F., Um, P. S., Irving, S. Y., Hackl, L., & Liu, J. (2021) · Journal of Pediatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2021.09.026 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Wellness of patients with chronic pain is not only about pain intensity
Gershoni, T., Pud, D., Aviram, J., & Eisenberg, E. (2022) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.13168 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Benamar, K. (2023) · Pharmacological Research · doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107013 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Miasso, A. I., Filho, P. C. P. T., Borges, T. L., Júnior, A. D. C. P., Vedana, K. G. G., Shasanmi, R. O., & Gimenes, F. R. E. (2016) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2016.08.005 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Prehabilitation: The underutilised weapon for chronic pain management
Tidmarsh, L. V., Harrison, R. N., & Finlay, K. A. (2024) · British Journal of Pain · doi:10.1177/20494637241250239 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
A qualitative study of pain experiences in patients requiring hip and knee arthroplasty
Leov, J., Barrett, E., Gallagher, S., & Swain, N. (2015) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105315597054 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Tommasi, M., Conte, M. M., & Saggino, A. (2021) · Cogent Psychology · doi:10.1080/23311908.2021.1912249 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Pickering, G., Mezouar, L., Kechemir, H., & Ebel-Bitoun, C. (2022) · JMIR Public Health and Surveillance · doi:10.2196/37790 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Chronic Pain: We Should Not Underestimate the Contribution of Neural Plasticity
Lewis, G. N., & Rice, D. A. (2013) · Critical Reviews in Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1615/critrevphysrehabilmed.2013010295 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Treating co-occurring chronic low back pain & generalized anxiety disorder.
Janzen, K., & Peters-Watral, B. (2016) · The Nurse Practitioner · doi:10.1097/01.npr.0000475373.08924.04 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Role of Integrated Care in Managing Chronic Pain
Leasure, W. B., & Leasure, E. L. (2017) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20170014 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kroenke, K., Outcalt, S., Krebs, E., Bair, M. J., Wu, J., Chumbler, N., & Yu, Z.
- Affiliations
- Regenstrief Institute (US)
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Indiana University Indianapolis (US)
- University of Georgia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kroenke, Kurt
- Venue
- General Hospital Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-07
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 359-365
- ISSN
- 0163-8343 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2147740297
- Cited by
- 212
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 11.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- General Hospital Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Keywords
- anxiety disorders, chronic musculoskeletal pain, health-related quality of life, functional disability, primary care patients, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, pain interference, work disability, major depressive disorder, stepped care
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety Disorders, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Pain Measurement, Phobic Disorders, Primary Health Care, Quality of Life, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Comorbidity, Multivariate Analysis, Panic Disorder, Chronic Pain
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
