Introducing depression and developmental screenings into the National Programme on Immunization (NPI) in southeast Nigeria: an experimental cross-sectional assessment
Abstract
Objectives This study investigates the possibility of introducing depression and developmental screening tools into the National Programme on Immunization (NPI) in southeast Nigeria. The specific objectives were to determine the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) among mothers attending immunization clinics and to assess the association of maternal PPD and infant growth in relation to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations.Methods Four hundred and eight (408) mothers completed the sociodemographic questionnaire and the self-report Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The weights, lengths and head circumferences of their infants were recorded, while the WHO recommended equivalents at 50th percentiles were also recorded for each child. The mothers were then interviewed with the major depressive episode module of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) to make diagnosis of depression.Results About 24.8% and 15.2% of the mothers were found to be depressed using EPDS and major depressive episode module of M.I.N.I., respectively. It was found that maternal PPD is significantly associated with the growth parameters of weights and lengths of the infants studied but not their head circumference.Conclusions NPI may provide appropriate forum for early screening of mothers for PPD and interventions in Nigeria. The NPI would also serve a useful avenue of screening for developmental concerns in Nigerian children.
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Maternal postpartum depression was not associated with head circumference.
“One study140 found that maternal PPD was not associated with head circumference (Nigeria).”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [140]
Maternal postpartum depression had a significant effect on stunting.
“Three of the studies110,140,142 showed a significant effect of maternal PPD on stunting.”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [140]
In low-income populations, maternal PPD seemed to be associated with less infant weight gain and stunting.
“However, in low-income populations, maternal PPD seemed to be associated with less infant weight gain and stunting.97,104,110,131,140,142”
From Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes (2019) · cites this paper as [140]
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Consequences of maternal postpartum depression: A systematic review of maternal and infant outcomes
Slomian, J., Honvo, G., Emonts, P., Reginster, J.-Y., & Bruyère, O. (2019) · Women's Health · doi:10.1177/1745506519844044 · Cited by 1,496 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Bakare, M. O., Okoye, J. O., & Obindo, J. T.
- Affiliations
- Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (NG)
- University of Jos (NG)
- Corresponding author
- Bakare, Muideen O.
- ORCID
- Bakare, Muideen O.
- Venue
- General Hospital Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 105-112
- ISSN
- 0163-8343 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1993148643
- Cited by
- 22
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 0.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- General Hospital Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
- Keywords
- postpartum depression, developmental screening, vaccination centers, infant growth, infant weight, infant length, head circumference, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, maternal mental health, integrated screening, South-East Nigeria
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child Development, Developmental Disabilities, Cross-Sectional Studies, Major Depressive Disorder, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Mass Screening, Maternal-Child Health Centers, Middle Aged, Mothers, Nigeria, Immunization Programs, Depression, Postpartum, Young Adult
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