Karlodinium veneficum—The little dinoflagellate with a big bite.

Place, Allen R.; Bowers, Holly A.; Bachvaroff, Tsetvan R.; Adolf, Jason E.; Deeds, Jonathan R.; Sheng, Jian

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2011.10.021

Cited by 199Marine Toxins and Detection MethodsMarine and coastal ecosystemsAquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics

Karlodinium veneficum—The little dinoflagellate with a big bite.

Place, Allen R., Bowers, Holly A., Bachvaroff, Tsetvan R., Adolf, Jason E., Deeds, Jonathan R., Sheng, Jian·2012·Harmful Algae

DOI 10.1016/j.hal.2011.10.021

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Karlodinium veneficum blooms pose a risk to both finfish and shellfish populations, but are not a risk to human health.
“Thus, K. veneficum blooms pose a risk to both finfish and shellfish populations, but are not a risk to human health (Place et al., 2012(Place et al., , 2014)).”
From Current and Future Remote Sensing of Harmful Algal Blooms in the Chesapeake Bay to Support the Shellfish Industry (2020) · cites this paper as Place et al., 2012
Since the mid-2000s there has been an increase in Karlodinium veneficum bloom occurrence and intensity.
“Since the mid-2000s there has been an increase in bloom occurrence and intensity, though fish kills remain sporadic”
From Current and Future Remote Sensing of Harmful Algal Blooms in the Chesapeake Bay to Support the Shellfish Industry (2020) · cites this paper as Place et al., 2012
Karlodinium veneficum is known to be more toxic when in a heterotrophic state.
“K. veneficum is known to be more toxic when in a heterotrophic state (Adolf et al., 2008(Adolf et al., , 2009;;Place et al., 2012).”
From Current and Future Remote Sensing of Harmful Algal Blooms in the Chesapeake Bay to Support the Shellfish Industry (2020) · cites this paper as Place et al., 2012

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Chemical structures of amphidinols 5 and 6 isolated from marine dinoflagellate Amphidinium klebsii and their cholesterol-dependent membrane disruption
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Use of the 'Food Vacuole Content' Method to Estimate Grazing by the Mixotrophic Dinoflagellate Gyrodinium Galatheanum on Cryptophytes
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Toxin content and toxic effects of the dinoflagellate Gyrodinium corsicum (Paulmier) on the ingestion and survival rates of the copepods Acartia grani and Euterpina acutifrons
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PIGMENTATION AND MORPHOLOGY OF A MARINE GYRODINIUM (DINOPHYCEAE) WITH A MAJOR CAROTENOID DIFFERENT FROM PERIDININ AND FUCOXANTHIN
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Infection by Amoebophrya spp. parasitoids of dinoflagellates in a tropical marine coastal area
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The use of flow cytometry for species identification and life-cycle studies in dinoflagellates
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AUTOTROPHIC GROWTH AND PHOTOACCLIMATION IN KARLODINIUM MICRUM (DINOPHYCEAE) AND STOREATULA MAJOR (CRYPTOPHYCEAE)1
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Responses of Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) and C. ariakensis (Fujita) to bloom-forming phytoplankton including ichthyotoxic Karlodinium veneficum (Ballantine).
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Cell and chloroplast ultrastructure inGyrodinium aureolumandGymnodinium galatheanum. Two marine dinoflagellates containing an unusual carotenoid
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Effects of the toxic dinoflagellate Karlodinium sp. (cultured at different N/P ratios) on micro and mesozooplankton
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DINOFLAGELLATE HOST‐PARASITE STEROL PROFILES DICTATE KARLOTOXIN SENSITIVITY1
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Gyrodinium corsicum nov. sp. (Gymnodiniales, Dinophycées), organisme responsable d'une "eau verte" dans l'étang marin de Diana (Corse), en avril 1994
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Self-citation
Fresh-water dinoflagellates of Maryland
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Marine harmful algal blooms (HABs) in the United States: History, current status and future trends
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Harmful algal blooms and their effects in coastal seas of Northern Europe
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Environmental and Sanitary Conditions of Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro
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Progress in Understanding Algal Bloom-Mediated Fish Kills: The Role of Superoxide Radicals, Phycotoxins and Fatty Acids
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Current and Future Remote Sensing of Harmful Algal Blooms in the Chesapeake Bay to Support the Shellfish Industry
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“veneficum is known to be more toxic when in a heterotrophic state (Adolf et al., 2008, 2009; Place et al., 2012).”
Background
A bloom of Karlodinium australe (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) associated with mass mortality of cage-cultured fishes in West Johor Strait, Malaysia
Lim, H. C., Leaw, C. P., Tan, T. H., Kon, N. F., Yek, L. H., Hii, K. S., Teng, S. T., Razali, R. M., Usup, G., Iwataki, M., et al. (2014) · Harmful Algae · doi:10.1016/j.hal.2014.10.005 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Applications of sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation in the total synthesis of natural products
Heravi, M. M., Zadsirjan, V., Esfandyari, M., & Lashaki, T. B. (2017) · Tetrahedron Asymmetry · doi:10.1016/j.tetasy.2017.07.004 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
A-, B- and C-type prymnesins are clade specific compounds and chemotaxonomic markers in Prymnesium parvum
Binzer, S. B., Svenssen, D. K., Daugbjerg, N., Alves‐de‐Souza, C., Pinto, E., Hansen, P. J., Larsen, T. O., & Varga, E. (2018) · Harmful Algae · doi:10.1016/j.hal.2018.11.010 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Marine microalgae attack and feed on metazoans
Berge, T., Poulsen, L. K., Møldrup, M. E., Daugbjerg, N., & Hansen, P. J. (2012) · The ISME Journal · doi:10.1038/ismej.2012.29 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
A fish kill associated with a bloom of Amphidinium carterae in a coastal lagoon in Sydney, Australia
Murray, S. A., Kohli, G. S., Farrell, H., Spiers, Z. B., Place, A. R., Dorantes‐Aranda, J. J., & Ruszczyk, J. (2015) · Harmful Algae · doi:10.1016/j.hal.2015.08.003 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
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Chemical Diversity, Origin, and Analysis of Phycotoxins
Rasmussen, S. A., Andersen, A. J. C., Andersen, N. G., Nielsen, K. F., Hansen, P. J., & Larsen, T. O. (2016) · Journal of Natural Products · doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01066 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
An overview of Prorocentrum donghaiense blooms in China: Species identification, occurrences, ecological consequences, and factors regulating prevalence
Lü, S., Ou, L., Dai, X., Cui, L., Dong, Y., Wang, P., Li, D., & Lu, D. (2022) · Harmful Algae · doi:10.1016/j.hal.2022.102207 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Genetic diversity of the harmful family Kareniaceae (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) in France, with the description of Karlodinium gentienii sp. nov.: A new potentially toxic dinoflagellate
Nézan, É., Siano, R., Boulben, S., Six, C., Bilien, G., Chèze, K., Duval, A., Panse, S. L., Quéré, J., & Chomérat, N. (2014) · Harmful Algae · doi:10.1016/j.hal.2014.10.006 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Phytoplankton community and HAB species in the South China Sea detected by morphological and metabarcoding approaches
Wang, Z., Liu, L., Tang, Y., Li, A., Liu, C., Xie, C., Xiao, L., & Lü, S. (2022) · Harmful Algae · doi:10.1016/j.hal.2022.102297 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Recent Trends in Marine Phycotoxins from Australian Coastal Waters
Ajani, P. A., Harwood, D. T., & Murray, S. A. (2017) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md15020033 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Molecular characterization of harmful algal blooms in the Bohai Sea using metabarcoding analysis
Huang, H., Xu, Q., Gibson, K. F., Chen, Y., & Chen, N. (2021) · Harmful Algae · doi:10.1016/j.hal.2021.102066 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Ichthyotoxic Karlodinium veneficum (Ballantine) J Larsen in the Upper Swan River Estuary (Western Australia): Ecological conditions leading to a fish kill
Adolf, J. E., Bachvaroff, T. R., Deeds, J. R., & Place, A. R. (2015) · Harmful Algae · doi:10.1016/j.hal.2015.07.006 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citation
Overview of Harmful Algal Blooms in Asia
Furuya, K., Iwataki, M., Lim, P. T., Lü, S., Leaw, C. P., Azanza, R. V., Kim, H.-G., & Fukuyo, Y. (2018) · Ecological studies · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70069-4_14 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Detection and quantification of the toxic marine microalgae Karlodinium veneficum and Karlodinium armiger using recombinase polymerase amplification and enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay
Toldrà, A., Jauset‐Rubio, M., Andree, K. B., Fernández‐Tejedor, M., Diogène, J., Katakis, I., O’Sullivan, C. K., & Campàs, M. (2018) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2018.07.057 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Unknown Extracellular and Bioactive Metabolites of the Genus Alexandrium: A Review of Overlooked Toxins
Long, M., Krock, B., Castrec, J., & Tillmann, U. (2021) · Toxins · doi:10.3390/toxins13120905 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
An optimisation approach for culturing shear-sensitive dinoflagellate microalgae in bench-scale bubble column photobioreactors
López‐Rosales, L., García-Camacho, F., Sánchez‐Mirón, A., Contreras‐Gómez, A., & Grima, E. M. (2015) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.087 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Comparing metabarcoding and morphological approaches to identify phytoplankton taxa associated with harmful algal blooms
Esenkulova, S., Sutherland, B. J. G., Tabata, A., Haigh, N., Pearce, C. M., & Miller, K. M. (2020) · FACETS · doi:10.1139/facets-2020-0025 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Environmental DNA Metabarcoding for Simultaneous Monitoring and Ecological Assessment of Many Harmful Algae
Jacobs-Palmer, E., Gallego, R., Cribari, K., Keller, A. G., & Kelly, R. P. (2021) · Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.3389/fevo.2021.612107 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
A Review on the Biodiversity and Biogeography of Toxigenic Benthic Marine Dinoflagellates of the Coasts of Latin America
Durán-Riveroll, L. M., Cembella, A. D., & Okolodkov, Y. B. (2019) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2019.00148 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Allelochemicals of Alexandrium minutum: Kinetics of membrane disruption and photosynthesis inhibition in a co-occurring diatom
Long, M., Peltekis, A., González-Fernández, C., Hégaret, H., & Bailleul, B. (2021) · Harmful Algae · doi:10.1016/j.hal.2021.101997 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Two new karlotoxins found in Karlodinium veneficum (strain GM2) from the East China Sea
Cai, P., He, S., Zhou, C., Place, A. R., Haq, S., Ding, L., Chen, H., Jiang, Y., Guo, C., Xu, Y., et al. (2016) · Harmful Algae · doi:10.1016/j.hal.2016.08.001 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
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Effects of Nitrogen Availability and Form on Phytoplankton Growth in a Eutrophied Estuary (Neuse River Estuary, NC, USA)
Cira, E. K., Paerl, H. W., & Wetz, M. S. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0160663 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick for detection of Karlodinium veneficum
Huang, H., Zhu, P., Zhou, C., He, S., & Yan, X. (2016) · Harmful Algae · doi:10.1016/j.hal.2016.11.022 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Karmitoxin: An Amine-Containing Polyhydroxy-Polyene Toxin from the Marine Dinoflagellate Karlodinium armiger
Rasmussen, S. A., Binzer, S. B., Hoeck, C. R., Meier, S., de Medeiros, L. S., Andersen, N. G., Place, A. R., Nielsen, K. F., Hansen, P. J., & Larsen, T. O. (2017) · Journal of Natural Products · doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00860 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citation
A pilot-scale bioprocess to produce amphidinols from the marine microalga Amphidinium carterae: Isolation of a novel analogue
Molina-Miras, A., Morales-Amador, A., de Vera, C. R., López‐Rosales, L., Sánchez‐Mirón, A., Souto, M. L., Fernández, J. J., Norte, M., García-Camacho, F., & Grima, E. M. (2018) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2018.01.010 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Simulating Effects of Variable Stoichiometry and Temperature on Mixotrophy in the Harmful Dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum
Lin, C.-H., Flynn, K. J., Mitra, A., & Glibert, P. M. (2018) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00320 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Evidence for resting cyst production in the cosmopolitan toxic dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum and the cyst distribution in the China seas
Liu, Y., Hu, Z., Deng, Y., & Tang, Y. Z. (2020) · Harmful Algae · doi:10.1016/j.hal.2020.101788 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Cell cycle arrest and biochemical changes accompanying cell death in harmful dinoflagellates following exposure to bacterial algicide IRI-160AA
Pokrzywinski, K. L., Tilney, C. L., Warner, M. E., & Coyne, K. J. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep45102 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Effects of light intensity, temperature, and salinity on the growth and ingestion rates of the red-tide mixotrophic dinoflagellate Paragymnodinium shiwhaense
Jeong, H. J., Lee, K. H., Yoo, Y. D., Kang, N. S., Song, J. Y., Kim, T., Seong, K. A., Kim, J. S., & Potvin, É. (2018) · Harmful Algae · doi:10.1016/j.hal.2018.09.005 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Harmful algal blooms of the Benguela eastern boundary upwelling system
Pitcher, G. C., & Louw, D. C. (2020) · Harmful Algae · doi:10.1016/j.hal.2020.101898 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Karlodinium zhouanum, a new dinoflagellate species from China, and molecular phylogeny ofKarenia digitataandKarenia longicanalis(Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae)
Luo, Z., Wang, L., Chan, L. L., Lü, S., & Gu, H. (2018) · Phycologia · doi:10.2216/17-106.1 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Rapid and sensitive detection method for Karlodinium veneficum by recombinase polymerase amplification coupled with lateral flow dipstick
Fu, M., Chen, G., Zhang, C., Wang, Y., Sun, R. X., & Zhou, J. (2019) · Harmful Algae · doi:10.1016/j.hal.2019.01.011 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Effects of a harmful algal bloom on the community ecology, movements and spatial distributions of fishes in a microtidal estuary
Hallett, C. S., Valesini, F. J., Clarke, K. R., & Hoeksema, S. D. (2015) · Hydrobiologia · doi:10.1007/s10750-015-2383-1 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
The cytotoxic mechanism of karlotoxin 2 (KmTx 2) from Karlodinium veneficum (Dinophyceae)
Deeds, J. R., Hoesch, R. E., Place, A. R., & Kao, J. P. Y. (2014) · Aquatic Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.11.028 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
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Study of a hydrodynamic threshold system for controlling dinoflagellate blooms in reservoirs
Song, Y., Shen, L., Zhang, L., Li, J., & Chen, M. (2021) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116822 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
A three-dimensional mixotrophic model of Karlodinium veneficum blooms for a eutrophic estuary
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LC-MS/MS Detection of Karlotoxins Reveals New Variants in Strains of the Marine Dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum from the Ebro Delta (NW Mediterranean)
Krock, B., Busch, J., Tillmann, U., García-Camacho, F., Sánchez-Mirón, A., Gallardo-Rodríguez, J., López-Rosales, L., Andree, K., Fernández-Tejedor, M., Witt, M., et al. (2017) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md15120391 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citation
Interdecadal changes in the community, population and individual levels of the fish fauna of an extensively modified estuary
Valesini, F. J., Cottingham, A., Hallett, C. S., & Clarke, K. R. (2017) · Journal of Fish Biology · doi:10.1111/jfb.13263 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Enhancement of non-photochemical quenching as an adaptive strategy under phosphorus deprivation in the dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum.
Cui, Y., Zhang, H., & Lin, S. (2017) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.00404 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Dual quantitative PCR assay for identification and enumeration of Karlodinium veneficum and Karlodinium armiger combined with a simple and rapid DNA extraction method
Toldrà, A., Andree, K. B., Fernández‐Tejedor, M., Diogène, J., & Campàs, M. (2018) · Journal of Applied Phycology · doi:10.1007/s10811-018-1446-x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Roles of mixotrophy in blooms of different dinoflagellates: Implications from the growth experiment
Zhang, Q., Song, J., Yu, R., Yan, T., Wang, Y., Kong, F., & Zhou, M. (2013) · Harmful Algae · doi:10.1016/j.hal.2013.08.003 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
A strain of the toxic dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum isolated from the East China Sea is an omnivorous phagotroph
Yang, H., Hu, Z., Shang, L., Deng, Y., & Tang, Y. Z. (2020) · Harmful Algae · doi:10.1016/j.hal.2020.101775 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Metabarcoding analysis identifies high diversity of harmful algal bloom species in the coastal waters of the Beibu Gulf
He, L., Yu, Z., Xu, X. F., Zhu, J., Yuan, Y., Cao, X., & Song, X. (2023) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.10127 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Karlodinium veneficum feeding responses and effects on larvae of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica under variable nitrogen:phosphorus stoichiometry.
Lin, C., Accoroni, S., & Glibert, P. (2017) · Aquatic Microbial Ecology · doi:10.3354/ame01823 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Bioluminescence and toxicity as driving factors in harmful algal blooms: Ecological functions and genetic variability
Cusick, K. D., & Widder, E. A. (2020) · Harmful Algae · doi:10.1016/j.hal.2020.101850 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Time series models of decadal trends in the harmful algal species Karlodinium veneficum in Chesapeake Bay
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A precedented nuclear genetic code with all three termination codons reassigned as sense codons in the syndinean Amoebophrya sp. ex Karlodinium veneficum
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Characterization and bloom-forming potential of the toxic, fish-killing dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum in the northern Gulf of Mexico
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ENVIRONMENTAL MODULATION OF KARLOTOXIN LEVELS IN STRAINS OF THE COSMOPOLITAN DINOFLAGELLATE, KARLODINIUM VENEFICUM (DINOPHYCEAE)1
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The cytotoxic mechanism of karlotoxin 2 (KmTx 2) from Karlodinium veneficum (Dinophyceae)
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A comparative study on the allelopathy and toxicity of four strains ofKarlodinium veneficumwith different culturing histories
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Authors: Place, A. R., Bowers, H. A., Bachvaroff, T. R., Adolf, J. E., Deeds, J. R., & Sheng, J.
Affiliations: University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
United States Food and Drug Administration (US)
University of Minnesota (US)
Corresponding author: Place, Allen R.
ORCID: Place, Allen R.
Bowers, Holly A.
Adolf, Jason E.
Sheng, Jian
Venue: Harmful Algae
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2012-02
Volume: 14
Pages: 179-195
ISSN: 1568-9883 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2011.10.021
OpenAlex: W2021708856
Cited by: 199
References: 104
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 2.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Harmful Algae (publishedVersion)
Funders: Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Marine Toxins and Detection Methods
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics
Keywords: Karlodinium veneficum, dinoflagellate toxins, fish kills, mixotrophy, phagotrophy, bloom formation, pore formation, ichthyotoxicity, prey capture, strain differences, harmful algal blooms, coastal phytoplankton

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