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Tinnitus and anxiety disorders: A review
Abstract
Background The most common form of tinnitus is a subjective, auditory, and distressing phantom phenomenon. Comorbidity with depression is high but other important psychiatric disorders such as anxiety disorders have received less attention. The current paper reviews the literature on the associations between tinnitus and anxiety disorders and the underlying pathophysiology, and discusses the clinical implications.Methodology PubMed and Web of Science were searched for all articles published up until October 2014 using combinations of the following search strings "Tinnitus", "Anxiety disorder", "Panic Disorder", "Generalized Anxiety Disorder", "Post traumatic stress disorder", "PTSD" "Social Phobia", "Phobia Disorder", "Obsessive Compulsive Disorder", "Agoraphobia".Results A total of 117 relevant papers were included. A 45% lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders is reported in tinnitus populations, while an important overlap in associated (sub)cortical brain areas and cortico-subcortical networks involved in attention, distress, and memory functions is suggested. A disturbed hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function can be found in tinnitus and in anxiety disorders but, in comorbidity, the direction of the dysfunction is unclear.Conclusion Comorbidity is high and screening for and treatment of anxiety disorders is recommended in moderate to severe tinnitus, as, given the overlap in the structural and functional brain circuitries involved, theoretically, their management could improve (subjective) levels of tinnitus although further empirical research on this topic is required.
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“and the lifetime prevalence of tinnitus patients with comorbid anxiety disorders is 45% (Pattyn et al., 2016).”
From Research trends and hotspots of cognitive behavioral therapy for tinnitus: a bibliometric analysis (2025) · cites this paper as Pattyn et al., 2016
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Metadata
- Authors
- Pattyn, T., Van Den Eede, F., Vanneste, S., Cassiers, L., Veltman, D. J., Van De Heyning, P., & Sabbe, B. C. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Antwerp (BE)
- Amsterdam Neuroscience (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Pattyn, T.
- Venue
- Hearing Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-03
- Volume
- 333
- Pages
- 255-265
- ISSN
- 0378-5955 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1213830217
- Cited by
- 233
- References
- 120
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 10
- FWCI
- 1.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Hearing Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Antwerp (5739, TOP-BOF 2012-2015)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Acoustics and Ultrasonics › Noise Effects and Management
- Keywords
- tinnitus, anxiety disorders, comorbidities, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder, phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, agoraphobia, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, cortico-subcortical networks, tinnitus screening, tinnitus treatment
- MeSH terms
- Anxiety Disorders, Auditory Perception, Humans, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Tinnitus, Comorbidity, Prevalence
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