The in vitro inhibition of Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria by Bifidobacteria is caused by the production of organic acids
Abstract
Several Bifidobacterium strains, including commercial probiotics, were screened for the production of antibacterial substances active towards Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. Agar spot assays, microtitre plate assays, and time-kill studies were performed. Bifidobacteria were found to exert strong inhibitory activity towards Gram-negative indicator bacteria, namely Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 and Escherichia coli C1845. The inhibitory mechanism was investigated and was shown to be dependent on the lowering of the pH of the medium and the production of organic acids, in particular acetic acid and lactic acid. The production of other antibacterial substances was examined by concentrating the cell-free culture supernatants by ammonium sulphate precipitation and chloroform/methanol extraction. The extracts of cultures of seven Bifidobacterium strains inhibited the growth of Gram-positive indicator bacteria, indicating that they produced a bacteriocin. The extract of a culture of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 was active against E. coli as well. However, the contribution of such inhibitory substances to the antibacterial activity of bifidobacteria towards Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria was found to be negligible.
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The physiological functions of Bifidobacterium include restraining the growth of pathogenic bacteria, inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines, protecting against intestinal barrier dysfunction (in vitro and in vivo), synthesizing vitamins and amino acids in the intestine, increasing calcium bioavailability, and antitumor effects.
“The physiological functions of Bifidobacterium are mainly as follows: restraining the growth of pathogenic bacteria, inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines [26,27], protecting against intestinal barrier dysfunction (in vitro and in vivo), synthesizing vitamins and amino acids in the intestine and increasing calcium bioavailability [28,29], and antitumor effects, according to experimental results sug”
From The Potential Impact of Probiotics on Human Health: An Update on Their Health-Promoting Properties (2024) · cites this paper as [27]
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- Authors
- Makras, L., & De Vuyst, L.
- Affiliations
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (BE)
- ORCID
- Makras, Lefteris
- Venue
- International Dairy Journal
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1049-1057
- ISSN
- 0958-6946 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2036007058
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 10.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Dairy Journal (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- Bifidobacterium, antibacterial activity, Gram-negative bacteria, organic acids, acetic acid, lactic acid, bacteriocins, probiotics, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Bifidobacterium longum BB536, cell-free supernatant, time-kill assay
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