Monostrain, multistrain and multispecies probiotics—A comparison of functionality and efficacy
Open accessAbstract
This literature review was carried out to make a comparison of functionality and efficacy between monostrain, multistrain and multispecies probiotics. A monostrain probiotic is defined as containing one strain of a certain species and consequently multistrain probiotics contain more than one strain of the same species or, at least of the same genus. Arbitrarily, the term multispecies probiotics is used for preparations containing strains that belong to one or preferentially more genera. Multispecies probiotics were superior in treating antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children. Growth performance and particularly mortality in broilers could be improved with multistrain probiotics. Mice were better protected against S. Typhimurium infection with a multistrain probiotic. A multispecies probiotic provided the best clearance of E. coli O157:H7 from lambs. Rats challenged with S. Enteritidis showed best post-challenge weight gains when treated with a multispecies probiotic. Possible mechanisms underlying the enhanced effects of probiotic mixtures are discussed. It is also emphasized that strains used in multistrain and multispecies probiotics should be compatible or, preferably, synergistic. The design and use of multistrain and multispecies probiotics should be encouraged.
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- Authors
- Timmerman, H. M., Koning, C. J. M., Mulder, L., Rombouts, F. M., & Beynen, A. C.
- Affiliations
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Winclove Probiotics (Netherlands) (NL)
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Timmerman, H.M.
- ORCID
- Timmerman, H.M.
- Venue
- International Journal of Food Microbiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2004-11
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 219-233
- ISSN
- 0168-1605 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2151043086
- Cited by
- 631
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 40 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 25.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.wur.nl
- Locations
- International Journal of Food Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Aquaculture disease management and microbiota
- Keywords
- probiotics, multi-strain probiotics, multispecies probiotics, probiotic combination, probiotic functionality, probiotic efficacy, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, broiler performance, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, lambs, strain compatibility, synergistic effect
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antibiosis, Bacterial Infections, Humans, Lactobacillus, Species Specificity, Symbiosis, Treatment Outcome, Probiotics
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