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Saturation in qualitative research: An evolutionary concept analysis
Open accessAbstract
Background and Aim: Qualitative research plays an important role in improving nursing knowledge. Understanding the concept of saturation is essential to conducting rigorous qualitative research that contributes to evidence-based practice. The purpose of this study is to clarify the concept of saturation in qualitative research. Method: Evolutionary concept analysis was performed. A literature search was conducted using a variety of online databases for the years 2005- 2023. In total, 33 articles and books were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify the attributes, antecedents and consequences of saturation. The validity of the data was obtained by examining the analysis process by two independent researchers. Results: Saturation in qualitative research is a context-dependent, subjective process that requires detailed systematic analysis. Saturation is used in four ways in qualitative research: theoretical saturation, data saturation, code or thematic saturation, and meaning saturation. The antecedents of saturation were classified into two categories: study related factors and researcher related factors. The consequences of saturation were identified as: ensuring credibility and quality in qualitative research and time, energy and budget saving. Conclusion: This concept analysis serves to enhance the understanding of the concept of saturation, thereby offering valuable resources for qualitative researchers. By gaining a profound comprehension of saturation and its various types, researchers can ensure the validity of their studies while also optimizing time and resource allocation by avoiding redundant data collection. Future investigation warranted to elucidate how factors associated with reaching saturation impact estimations sample size.
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“The number of participating services in the research was determined by theoretical saturation from the qualitative analyses (25) in which the data collection was concluded when the information started to become redundant or repeated, even with the inclusion of new participants and services, as detected through a floating reading of the transcripts of the conducted interviews and fields diaries.”
From A mindfulness-based intervention for Substance Use Disorder in a Brazilian vulnerable population: a feasibility mixed method study (2024) · cites this paper as [25]
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Cites
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“…still susceptible to false saturation due to the lack of discovery of relationships between codes and obtained themes, and still requires more data for the researcher to fully understand the depth, richness, and complexity of the phenomenon (Hennink et al., 2017; Low, 2019; Saunders et al., 2018).”
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“27 According to the healthcare practitioners, these elements set the stage for upward referral and are often system-level or preparatory in nature.”
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“Data collection continued until the information collected reached the saturation point, and no new themes or information emerged from the interviews [29].”
Zhou, Y., Shu, W., Deng, L., Xie, C., Yan, Y., & Ye, X.-C. (2026) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-026-07565-w
“Purposive sampling approach was conducted, and the sample size was determined based on data saturation, when no new concepts or themes emerge [19].”
Beyond the Screen: A 360-degree Study of User Experience and Behavior in Online Virtual Museum Tours
Shikhri, R., Lanir, J., & Maimon, A. (2026) · ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays (PerDis) · doi:10.1145/3797993.3798023
Chen, Y., Zhang, L., Du, H., Zhang, C., & Yang, W. (2026) · Land · doi:10.3390/land15050769
International students' belonging, acculturation, and integration at the University of Debrecen
Trujillo, J. P. C., & Dabney-Fekete, I. D. (2026) · The Hungarian Educational Research Journal · doi:10.1556/063.2026.00456
Mumuni, S., O’Donnell, C., & Doody, O. (2026) · Nursing Open · doi:10.1002/nop2.70585
Silent suffering: an exploration of menopausal attitudes and experiences among slum dwellers
Ahmed, S., & Kushwaha, N. (2026) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000002810
Syed Ali Nawaid, A. L. A. M., & Adekunle, O. E. (2026) · European Business Review · doi:10.1108/ebr-11-2025-0432
Ghimire, A., & Neupane, M. S. (2026) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-026-04722-9
“Analysis continued until no substantively new codes or theme refinements were identified, indicating adequate saturation for the study aims [69].”
Xu, Y., Zhang, B., Zhan, J., & Yang, M. (2026) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2026.104067
Guadarrama-Orozco, J. H., Mendoza, M. R., Mendoza-Martínez, M. G., Peláez-Ballestas, I. D. P., de Lara, A. M., & Muñoz-Pedraza, M. (2026) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/s12904-026-02134-9
“Thematic saturation was reached when no new codes or themes were identified and their contents were redundant [24].”
Guili, H. E. (2026) · Studies in Business and Economics · doi:10.29117/sbe.2025.0166
Shirotriya, A. K., Chouhan, C., Vishwakarma, R., & Kumar, P. (2026) · International Journal of Educational Reform · doi:10.1177/10567879261446914
Retirement intentions of late-career female nurses: a phenomenological study
Aslan, Y., Zeybek, D. Ö., Zeybek, M. O., Atalay, H. N., & Güvensoy, T. (2026) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-026-04746-1
“Recognizing this point is essential, as it indicates that further recruitment is unlikely to provide additional meaningful data [37, 38].”
Moreno, X., García, P., & Huerta, M. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14101341
“Thematic saturation was achieved after the eighth focus group, with no new codes or themes emerging from the analysis [51].”
Firooz, M., Yazdi, K., Mahmoodi‐Shan, G. R., & Zahedi, M. (2026) · SAGE Open Nursing · doi:10.1177/23779608261451612
“Saturation was reached when no new codes or themes emerged and the researchers had gained a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon (Rahimi & khatooni, 2024).”
Tsuchida, R. E., Schwei, R. J., Boatright, D. B., & Padela, A. I. (2026) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.70322
Homicide Offenders’ Perceptions of Procedural Justice in Ghana’s Criminal Courts
Abrah, P. B., & Andoh–Arthur, J. (2026) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2026.2672152
TRANSMISION DE LAS CANCIONES TRADIONALES EN LA CULTURA BEREBER
Kahlaoui, D. B. A. E. (2026) · MODULEMA Revista científica sobre Diversidad Cultural · doi:10.30827/modulema.v10i.35862
Lau, A., Han, C., Ludlow, K., Young, A., Miller, E. M., & Miller, M. D. (2026) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-026-07672-8
“Data saturation was achieved when more recent participants expressed similar experiences and ideas to previous participants and limited new information was presented [32].”
Parikh, S., & Feldman, C. H. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18105033
Iyer, G., Iyer, R., & Pandit, A. B. (2026) · Transactions of Indian National Academy of Engineering · doi:10.1007/s41403-026-00580-8
“Some qualitative research scholars argue that for relatively homogeneous populations, an average sample size of approximately 12–15 can help achieve theoretical saturation (Guest et al. 2006; Hennink and Kaiser 2022; Rahimi and Khatooni 2024).”
Provision of Bereavement Care for Siblings: Insights from Pediatric Palliative Care Teams Nationwide
Huy, N. T., Minh, P. Q., & Bich, L. T. (2024) · Journal of integrative nursing and palliative care · doi:10.51847/gnbvkooj4z
Training under planetary risk: planetary health ethics in clinical education and governance
Ghimire, A., & Neupane, M. S. (2026) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-026-09424-z
“Instead, we assessed whether the dataset provided sufficient information power and analytic depth to answer the narrowed research questions about student experiences, perceived preparedness, and curriculum-relevant suggestions within this setting [46, 47].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Rahimi, S., & khatooni, M.
- Affiliations
- Qazvin University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Rahimi, Sara
- Venue
- International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-06
- Volume
- 6
- Pages
- 100174
- ISSN
- 2666-142X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11080421
- OpenAlex
- W4390604507
- Cited by
- 560
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 273 · 2025: 236 · 2024: 51
- FWCI
- 704.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Focus Groups and Qualitative Methods
- Keywords
- saturation, qualitative research, data saturation, theoretical saturation, research credibility, sample size determination, nursing research
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