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Saturation in qualitative research: An evolutionary concept analysis
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Background and Aim: Qualitative research plays an important role in improving nursing knowledge. Understanding the concept of saturation is essential to conducting rigorous qualitative research that contributes to evidence-based practice. The purpose of this study is to clarify the concept of saturation in qualitative research. Method: Evolutionary concept analysis was performed. A literature search was conducted using a variety of online databases for the years 2005- 2023. In total, 33 articles and books were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify the attributes, antecedents and consequences of saturation. The validity of the data was obtained by examining the analysis process by two independent researchers. Results: Saturation in qualitative research is a context-dependent, subjective process that requires detailed systematic analysis. Saturation is used in four ways in qualitative research: theoretical saturation, data saturation, code or thematic saturation, and meaning saturation. The antecedents of saturation were classified into two categories: study related factors and researcher related factors. The consequences of saturation were identified as: ensuring credibility and quality in qualitative research and time, energy and budget saving. Conclusion: This concept analysis serves to enhance the understanding of the concept of saturation, thereby offering valuable resources for qualitative researchers. By gaining a profound comprehension of saturation and its various types, researchers can ensure the validity of their studies while also optimizing time and resource allocation by avoiding redundant data collection. Future investigation warranted to elucidate how factors associated with reaching saturation impact estimations sample size.
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“The number of participating services in the research was determined by theoretical saturation from the qualitative analyses (25) in which the data collection was concluded when the information started to become redundant or repeated, even with the inclusion of new participants and services, as detected through a floating reading of the transcripts of the conducted interviews and fields diaries.”
From A mindfulness-based intervention for Substance Use Disorder in a Brazilian vulnerable population: a feasibility mixed method study (2024) · cites this paper as [25]
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“Data saturation is a topic of debate in qualitative research [ 27, 28 ].”
Perney, P., Trouillet, R., Schuldiner, S., Donnadieu, H., Lehert, P., & Naassïla, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1855019
Fernandes, S., & Holroyd, E. A. (2026) · Health Promotion Journal of Australia · doi:10.1002/hpja.70229
Sherman, A. D. F., Balthazar, M. S., Klepper, M., Szczech, M., Lawrence, C., Gadipudi, A., Febres‐Cordero, S., Gilfesky, Z., Coffman, J., Allure, K., et al. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7228798
Pădurean, V.-A., Riegel, K., Barbre, G., Blake, M., Denny, P. C., Gotovos, A., Leinonen, J., MacNeil, S., Prather, J. E., & Singla, A. K. (2026) · ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research (ICER) · doi:10.1145/3765964.3811639 · Cited by 1
dos Santos, L. G. B., Nunes, M. D. R., Nascimento, L. C., da Silva, L. F., Silva‐Rodrigues, F. M., & de Araújo, B. B. M. (2026) · Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/1518-8345.7822.4849
Uso do Buzzy ® em punção venosa: percepções de crianças e adolescentes com cardiopatias congênitas
dos Santos, L. G. B., Nunes, M. D. R., Nascimento, L. C., da Silva, L. F., Silva‐Rodrigues, F. M., & de Araújo, B. B. M. (2026) · Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/1518-8345.7822.4850
Uso de Buzzy ® en venopunción: percepciones de niños y adolescentes con cardiopatías congénitas
dos Santos, L. G. B., Nunes, M. D. R., Nascimento, L. C., da Silva, L. F., Silva‐Rodrigues, F. M., & de Araújo, B. B. M. (2026) · Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/1518-8345.7822.4848
Mardianti, E., Ghofiqi, M. D. A., Suaedi, F., Wardiyanto, B., Setijaningrum, E., & Sari, D. N. (2026) · Local Development & Society · doi:10.1080/26883597.2026.2714409
From Harm to Habit: The Proliferation of Acquiesced Toxicity in Chinese Gaming Communities
Sun, X., & Cao, Y. (2026) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.70138
Smit, S.-L., Bester, D. J., & Matthews, R. (2026) · Health SA Gesondheid · doi:10.4102/hsag.v31i0.3421
“Saturation was achieved prior to exhausting the eligible population, with no new codes or themes identified and increasing repetition in the data (Rahimi & Khatooni 2024).”
Xie, L., Yan, H., Xia, B., & Skitmore, M. (2026) · Habitat International · doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2026.103952
Asare, K. Y., Mensah, J. V., Agyenim, J. B., & Tenkorang, E. Y. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0355691
“Data saturation is a point in data collection and analysis at which new data or information no longer contributes significantly to addressing the research objective, or when existing data is replicated [34,35].”
Constructing self-rated oral health among disadvantaged older African Americans
LUBORSKY, M. R., Ziglor, C., Byrappagari, D., Osika, J., Shay, K., & Jones, J. A. (2026) · Frontiers in Oral Health · doi:10.3389/froh.2026.1726866
“This size follows guidance for qualitative interview studies, where for a shared group condition, thematic saturation occurs at roughly 10 – 12 interviews and meaning saturation at 16 – 24 interviews (27, 28).”
Causes of crowdsourcing in science failures: a multi-level approach
Lenart, R., Najda-Janoszka, M., & Chen, J. (2026) · Technovation · doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2026.103667
Swathi, N. N. S., Jufri, A. W., Sukarso, A., Artayasa, I. P., & Rokhmat, J. (2026) · Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan · doi:10.23887/jppp.v10i1.102390
Reconstructing Jesus’ pedagogy: an inclusive theological learning model in the era of pluralism
Tafonao, T., Togatorop, M. T., Sanjaya, Y., Wuwung, O. C., & Dami, Z. A. (2026) · British Journal of Religious Education · doi:10.1080/01416200.2026.2720353
Fan, H., Shao, S., Pan, S., & Wang, Y. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1871082
“Fifth, the interview data relied on participants’ retrospective recall of their collaborative experiences, which may be subject to memory biases and reinterpretations (Rahimi and Khatooni, 2024; Schwarz, 1999).”
Silva, P. C. S. E., & Garcia, L. D. S. (2026) · Estudios de derecho · doi:10.17533/udea.esde.v83n181a05
Interdisciplinariedad en la investigación jurídica: contenidos y métodos
Avellaneda-Vásquez, J. (2026) · Estudios de derecho · doi:10.17533/udea.esde.v83n181a03
Payer, R. C., Machado, T. D. B., & Eustachio, J. H. P. P. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18168573
Canham, N., Davies, R., & Ballantyne, J. (2026) · International Journal of Music Education · doi:10.1177/02557614261475241
Žydžiūnaitė, V., Truš, M., & Brasaitė, I. (2026) · SAGE Open Nursing · doi:10.1177/23779608261478192
“Because these final four transcripts yielded no new analytical insights, recruitment concluded at 21 participants (Ahmed, 2024; Rahimi & Khatooni, 2024).”
Defining climate change acceptance in undergraduate science student populations: A Delphi study
Duke, J., & Holt, E. A. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0356374
“We continued collecting interviews until data saturation was reached (i.e., no new themes arose; [71]).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Rahimi, S., & khatooni, M.
- Affiliations
- Qazvin University of Medical Sciences (IR)
- Corresponding author
- Rahimi, Sara
- Venue
- International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-06
- Volume
- 6
- Pages
- 100174
- ISSN
- 2666-142X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11080421
- OpenAlex
- W4390604507
- Cited by
- 560
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 273 · 2025: 236 · 2024: 51
- FWCI
- 704.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Qualitative Research Methods and Ethics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Focus Groups and Qualitative Methods
- Keywords
- saturation, qualitative research, data saturation, theoretical saturation, research credibility, sample size determination, nursing research
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