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Attenuated cortisol response to alcohol in heavy social drinkers
Abstract
Individual differences in response to stress may play a role in the development and maintenance of addictive behaviors. While there is evidence that people with a biological family history for alcoholism have a blunted cortisol response to alcohol, data are lacking in other at-risk subgroups, such as heavy social drinkers. The present study examined salivary cortisol response to administration of 0.0, 0.4 (2 drink equivalent), and 0.8 g/kg (4 drink equivalent) alcohol in two groups of social drinkers: heavy drinkers (n=32) and light social drinkers (n=23). The study was conducted double-blind and drink-order was counterbalanced between groups. Salivary cortisol and subjective measures were obtained at predrink baseline, and 15, 45, 105, and 165 min after beverage consumption. Results showed a significant groupxdosextime interaction (p<0.005), with alcohol (0.8 g/kg) producing an attenuated cortisol response in heavy drinkers compared to the light drinkers during the declining phase of the BAC. This outcome remained even after controlling for the effects of smoking status, family history of alcoholism, sex, and negative affect ratings during the session. Neither placebo nor the lower dose of alcohol significantly increased cortisol levels. In sum, a relatively high dose of alcohol produced a smaller increase in cortisol in heavy drinkers compared to light drinkers. The reduced cortisol reactivity in the heavier drinkers is consistent with reports that individuals at risk for alcoholism are hyporesponsive to physical and psychological stress. Further research may help determine whether alteration in cortisol response to alcohol is a biological marker of the propensity to abuse alcohol.
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“Our previously published results showed that compared with light drinkers, heavy drinkers exhibited both higher alcohol sensitivity, in terms of subjective stimulation and reward (liking and wanting)(29), as well as lower sensitivity, in terms of subjective sedation(29), and salivary cortisol reactivity(29, 32).”
From A Prospective 5-Year Re-examination of Alcohol Response in Heavy Drinkers Progressing in Alcohol Use Disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [32]
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Metadata
- Authors
- King, A., Munisamy, G., de Wit, H., & Lin, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- King, Andrea
- ORCID
- King, Andrea
- Venue
- International Journal of Psychophysiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-03
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 203-209
- ISSN
- 0167-8760 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2134946465
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Psychophysiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA013746)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01-RR 00055, M01RR000055)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- alcohol, cortisol, salivary cortisol, alcoholism risk, blood alcohol concentration, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Ethanol, Alcoholism, Arousal, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Motivation, Social Environment, Stress, Psychological
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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