Low level of response to alcohol as a predictor of future alcoholism
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: As part of a search for measurable attributes of an individual that might be related to the risk of alcoholism, the author's group previously compared 227 sons of alcoholics and 227 matched comparison subjects at the age of about 20 years. Forty percent of the men at high risk for alcoholism and less than 10% of the comparison subjects demonstrated a low intensity of response to alcohol challenge. This article reports the results of the follow-up of the first half of this study group almost a decade later. METHOD: Of the men who had been tested at about age 20, 223 were about age 30 at this evaluation, which included personal and resource-person interviews, record searches, urine toxicology screens, and blood level markers of drinking. RESULTS: A low level of response to alcohol at age 20 was associated with a fourfold greater likelihood of future alcoholism in both the sons of alcoholics and the comparison subjects. Fifty-six percent of the sons of alcoholics with the lesser alcohol response developed alcoholism during the subsequent decade, compared to 14% of the men in this group who had highly sensitive alcohol responses. Neither family history of alcoholism nor response to alcohol predicted any other psychiatric diagnoses over the subsequent decade, and neither was a significant predictor of any other substance use disorder. CONCLUSIONS: In a heavy-drinking society, a lower sensitivity to modest doses of alcohol is associated with a significant increase in the risk of future alcoholism, perhaps through increasing the chances that a person will drink more heavily and more often.
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Decreased sensitivity to the intoxicating effects of alcohol is a known genetic risk factor for problematic alcohol involvement.
“A decreased sensitivity to intoxicating effects of alcohol is a known genetic risk factor for problematic alcohol involvement”
From Rewards, aversions and affect in adolescence: emerging convergences across laboratory animal and human data (2011) · cites this paper as Schuckit, 1994
Decreased sensitivity to intoxicating effects of alcohol is a known genetic risk factor for problematic alcohol involvement.
“A decreased sensitivity to intoxicating effects of alcohol is a known genetic risk factor for problematic alcohol involvement (Schuckit, 1994; Green & Grahame, 2008)”
From Rewards, aversions and affect in adolescence: emerging convergences across laboratory animal and human data (2011) · cites this paper as Schuckit, 1994
The results support prior work showing high alcohol-induced stimulation, reward, and craving in heavy drinkers or alcoholics as well as low alcohol-induced sedation and cortisol in other at-risk drinkers.
“The results support prior work showing high alcohol-induced stimulation, reward, and craving in heavy drinkers or alcoholics(33, 79, 80) as well as low alcohol-induced sedation and cortisol in other at-risk drinkers(81).”
From A Prospective 5-Year Re-examination of Alcohol Response in Heavy Drinkers Progressing in Alcohol Use Disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [81]
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- Authors
- Schuckit, M. A.
- Affiliations
- VA San Diego Healthcare System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Marc Alan Schuckit
- ORCID
- Marc Alan Schuckit
- Venue
- American Journal of Psychiatry
- Published
- 1994-02-01
- Volume
- 151
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 184-189
- ISSN
- 0002-953X (ISSN-L)
- 1535-7228
- OpenAlex
- W2338719804
- Cited by
- 826
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 39
- FWCI
- 35.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA-05226, AA08401, U10AA008403, AA08403, U10AA008401)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- alcoholism, alcohol response, alcohol sensitivity, sons of alcoholics, family history of alcoholism, heavy drinking, alcoholism screening, substance use disorders, psychiatric diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Alcohol Drinking, Ethanol, Alcoholism, Cross-Sectional Studies, Emotions, Postural Balance, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Risk Factors
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