Innate Immune Sensing of Retroviral Infection via Toll-like Receptor 7 Occurs upon Viral Entry
Open accessAbstract
Innate immune sensors are required for induction of pathogen-specific immune responses. Retroviruses are notorious for their ability to evade immune defenses and establish long-term persistence in susceptible hosts. However, some infected animals are able to develop efficient virus-specific immune responses, and thus can be employed for identification of critical innate virus-sensing mechanisms. With mice from two inbred strains that control retroviruses via adaptive immune mechanisms, we found that of all steps in viral replication, the ability to enter the host cell was sufficient to induce antivirus humoral immune responses. Virus sensing occurred in endosomes via a MyD88-Toll-like receptor 7-dependent mechanism and stimulated virus-neutralizing immunity independently of type I interferons. Thus, efficient adaptive immunity to retroviruses is induced in vivo by innate sensing of the early stages of retroviral infection.
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TLR7-mediated recognition of retroviral genomic RNA might be more efficient when virions reach the endosome.
“For example, TLR7-mediated recognition of retroviral genomic RNA might be more efficient when virions reach the endosome, where nucleic acid-recognizing TLRs reside 66”
From Are human endogenous retroviruses pathogenic? An approach to testing the hypothesis (2013) · cites this paper as [66]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Kane, M., Case, L. K., Wang, C., Yurkovetskiy, L., Dikiy, S., & Golovkina, T. V.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Corresponding author
- Golovkina, Tatyana V.
- Venue
- Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-07
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 135-145
- ISSN
- 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3519935
- OpenAlex
- W2007710074
- Cited by
- 93
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 6.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- University of Michigan Library
- Funders
- University of Chicago (P30 CA014599, CA014599)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA134667, CA134667, P30CA014599)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI090084)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
- Keywords
- TLR7, innate immune recognition, retroviral infection, viral entry, MyD88, virus-neutralizing antibodies, humoral immune response, inbred mouse strains
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antibodies, Viral, Cells, Cultured, Disease Susceptibility, Immunity, Innate, Interferon Type I, Membrane Glycoproteins, Mice, Inbred Strains, Endosomes, Retroviridae, Retroviridae Infections, Signal Transduction, Toll-Like Receptor 7, Mice, Virus Internalization, Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Adaptive Immunity, Antibodies, Neutralizing
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