The DOI matches its Crossref record; 76 of the 76 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Finding the Missing Links among Metabolites, Microbes, and the Host
Open accessAbstract
The unexpected diversity of the human microbiome and metabolome far exceeds the complexity of the human genome. Although we now understand microbial taxonomic and genetic repertoires in some populations, we are just beginning to assemble the necessary computational and experimental tools to understand the metabolome in comparable detail. However, even with the limited current state of knowledge, individual connections between microbes and metabolites, between microbes and immune function, and between metabolites and immune function are being established. Here, we provide our perspective on these connections and outline a systematic research program that could turn these individual links into a broader network that allows us to understand how these components interact. This program will enable us to exploit connections among the microbiome, metabolome, and host immune system to maintain health and perhaps help us understand how to reverse the processes that lead to a wide range of immune and other diseases.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The gut microbiota influences the relative populations, migration, and function of various subsets of immune cells including Helper T cells, Regulatory T cells, mononuclear phagocytes and innate lymphoid cells (Dorrestein et al., 2014;Rooks and Garrett, 2016)”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Dorrestein et al., 2014
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“SCFAs have been shown to impact on T cell immune responses37.”
From Microbial short-chain fatty acids modulate CD8+ T cell responses and improve adoptive immunotherapy for cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [37]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome
The Human Microbiome Project Consortium (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11234 · Cited by 11,726
A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing
MetaHIT Consortium, Qin, J., Li, R., Raes, J., Arumugam, M., Burgdorf, K. S., Manichanh, C., Nielsen, T., Pons, N., Levenez, F., et al. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08821 · Cited by 11,624
Predictive functional profiling of microbial communities using 16S rRNA marker gene sequences
Langille, M. G. I., Zaneveld, J., Caporaso, J. G., McDonald, D., Knights, D., Reyes, J. A., Clemente, J. C., Burkepile, D. E., Vega Thurber, R. L., Knight, R., et al. (2013) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.2676 · Cited by 9,116
Self-citationHuman gut microbes associated with obesity
Ley, R. E., Turnbaugh, P. J., Klein, S., & Gordon, J. I. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/4441022a · Cited by 8,785
Diversity of the Human Intestinal Microbial Flora
Eckburg, P. B., Bik, E. M., Bernstein, C. N., Purdom, E., Dethlefsen, L., Sargent, M., Gill, S. R., Nelson, K. E., & Relman, D. A. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1110591 · Cited by 7,913
A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins
Turnbaugh, P. J., Hamady, M., Yatsunenko, T., Cantarel, B. L., Duncan, A., Ley, R. E., Sogin, M. L., Jones, W. J., Roe, B. A., Affourtit, J. P., et al. (2009) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07540 · Cited by 7,823
Self-citationHuman gut microbiome viewed across age and geography
Yatsunenko, T., Rey, F. E., Manary, M. J., Trehan, I., Dominguez-Bello, M. G., Contreras, M., Magris, M., Hidalgo, G., Baldassano, R. N., Anokhin, A. P., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11053 · Cited by 7,815
Self-citationA metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes
Qin, J., Li, Y., Cai, Z., Li, S., Zhu, J., Zhang, F., Liang, S., Zhang, W., Guan, Y., Shen, D., et al. (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11450 · Cited by 6,762
Turnbaugh, P. J., Ley, R. E., Hamady, M., Fraser-Liggett, C. M., Knight, R., & Gordon, J. I. (2007) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06244 · Cited by 6,091
Self-citationCommensal microbe-derived butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic regulatory T cells
Furusawa, Y., Obata, Y., Fukuda, S., Endo, T. A., Nakato, G., Takahashi, D., Nakanishi, Y., Uetake, C., Kato, K., Kato, T., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12721 · Cited by 5,549
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–317 of 317
Haga‐Yamanaka, S., Nuñez‐Flores, R., Scott, C. A., Perry, S., Chen, S. T., Pontrello, C. G., Nair, M. G., & Ray, A. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.86823.2
Foster, J. A., & Clarke, G. A. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814800-6.00011-x
Haga‐Yamanaka, S., Nuñez‐Flores, R., Scott, C. A., Perry, S., Chen, S. T., Pontrello, C. G., Nair, M. G., & Ray, A. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.86823.3
Magnusson, M. K., Bas‐Forsberg, A., Verveda, A., Sapnara, M., Lorent, J., Savolainen, O. I., Wettergren, Y., Strid, H., Simrén, M., & Öhman, L. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25189886
Distinct gut microbiota profiles in acute vs. chronic sinusitis: potential biomarkers
Cao, H.-W., Fan, Y., Yu, H., Xing, D., & Yan, A. (2025) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/s00405-025-09714-0
Lin, C.-Y., Jha, A. R., Oba, P. M., Yotis, S., Shmalberg, J. W., Honaker, R. W., & Swanson, K. S. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20416458
de Medeiros, M. C., The, S., Bellile, E., Russo, N., Schmitd, L., Danella, E. B., Singh, P., Banerjee, R., Bassis, C. M., Murphy, G. R., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26647467
Muller, E., Algavi, Y. M., & Borenstein, E. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16800610
Additional file 1 of Gut microbiome-metabolome interactions predict host condition
Shtossel, O., Koren, O., Shai, I., Rinott, E., & Louzoun, Y. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25200602
Muller, E., Algavi, Y. M., & Borenstein, E. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16800607
Martin‐Gallausiaux, C. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/c6162413z61d4z4a51z889bze8ca8724b717
Microbial Dark Matter, A Multi-layer Mystery
Ma, X., Wu, E., Guo, Y., Wei, Z., Zhou, Q., Voigt, A. Y., Liu, Y., Shen, X., Feng, L., Ismail, S. A., et al. (2026) · Phenomics · doi:10.1007/s43657-026-00311-7
CVD Emerging Risk Factors: Gut Microbiota
Abais‐Battad, J. M. (2026) · Physiology in health and disease · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-26472-5_16
Bergholtz, A., Lin, W., Kaur, A., Bhetwal, A., Zhu, S., Mateus, A., Martino, M. L. D., Eriksson, J., Globisch, D., & Sellin, M. E. (2026) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2026.2728235
Metadata
- Authors
- Dorrestein, P. C., Mazmanian, S. K., & Knight, R.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Knight, Rob
- Venue
- Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-06
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 824-832
- ISSN
- 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4503329
- OpenAlex
- W2056978288
- Cited by
- 317
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 11
- FWCI
- 11.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH100556)
- National Human Genome Research Institute (U01HG004866, R01HG004872)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK078938, P01DK078669)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS085910)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Keywords
- human microbiome, human metabolome, host-microbe interactions, microbial metabolites, host immune function, microbial diversity, immune disorders, metabolomics
- MeSH terms
- Bacterial Proteins, Humans, Gastrointestinal Tract, Metagenome, Metabolome, Microbiota
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review