Cited by 369SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchMonoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Researchvaccines and immunoinformatics approaches

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Analysis of a SARS-CoV-2-Infected Individual Reveals Development of Potent Neutralizing Antibodies with Limited Somatic Mutation

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Seydoux, Emilie, Homad, Leah J., MacCamy, Anna J., Parks, K. Rachael, Hurlburt, Nicholas K., Jennewein, Madeleine F., Akins, Nicholas R., Stuart, Andrew B., Wan, Yu-Hsin, Feng, Junli, Whaley, Rachael E., Singh, Suruchi, Boeckh, Michael, Cohen, Kristen W., McElrath, M. Juliana, Englund, Janet A., Chu, Helen Y., Pancera, Marie, McGuire, Andrew T., Stamatatos, Leonidas·2020·Immunity

DOI 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.06.001PMC PMC7276322

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Abstract

Antibody responses develop following SARS-CoV-2 infection, but little is known about their epitope specificities, clonality, binding affinities, epitopes, and neutralizing activity. We isolated B cells specific for the SARS-CoV-2 envelope glycoprotein spike (S) from a COVID-19-infected subject 21 days after the onset of clinical disease. 45 S-specific monoclonal antibodies were generated. They had undergone minimal somatic mutation with limited clonal expansion, and three bound the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Two antibodies neutralized SARS-CoV-2. The most potent antibody bound the RBD and prevented binding to the ACE2 receptor, while the other bound outside the RBD. Thus, most anti-S antibodies that were generated in this patient during the first weeks of COVID-19 infection were non-neutralizing and target epitopes outside the RBD. Antibodies that disrupt the SARS-CoV-2 S-ACE2 interaction can potently neutralize the virus without undergoing extensive maturation. Such antibodies have potential preventive and/or therapeutic potential and can serve as templates for vaccine design.

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Muecksch, F., Weisblum, Y., Barnes, C. O., Schmidt, F., Schaefer-Babajew, D., Lorenzi, J. C. C., Flyak, A. I., DeLaitsch, A. T., Huey-Tubman, K. E., Hou, S., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.03.07.434227 · Cited by 39
“…convalescent donors (Brouwer et al., 2020; Cao et al., 2020; Chen et al., 2020; Chi et al., 2020; Hansen et al., 2020; Ju et al., 2020; Kreer et al., 2020; Robbiani et al., 2020; Rogers et al., 2020; Seydoux et al., 2020; Shi et al., 2020; Wec et al., 2020; Wu et al., 2020b; Zost et al., 2020).”
What could explain the late emergence of COVID-19 in Africa?
Lalaoui, R., Bakour, S., Raoult, D., Verger, P., Sokhna, C., Devaux, C. A., Pradines, B., & Rolain, J. (2020) · New Microbes and New Infections · doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100760 · Cited by 38
Maturation trajectories and transcriptional landscape of plasmablasts and autoreactive B cells in COVID-19
Schultheiß, C., Paschold, L., Willscher, E., Simnica, D., Wöstemeier, A., Muscate, F., Wass, M., Eisenmann, S., Dutzmann, J., Keyßer, G., et al. (2021) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103325 · Cited by 37
“…in the generation of SARS-CoV-2 epitope-specific B cells (Galson et al., 2020; Kaneko et al., 2020; Kreer et al., 2020; Schultheiss et al., 2020; Seydoux et al., 2020;Woodruff et al., 2020) may be one of the determinants of the relatively short half-life of protective antibodies in this disease.”
Anti- SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Antibody Evolution after mRNA Vaccination
Cho, A., Muecksch, F., Schaefer-Babajew, D., Wang, Z., Finkin, S., Gaebler, C., Ramos, V., Cipolla, M., Mendoza, P., Agudelo, M., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.07.29.454333 · Cited by 275
COVID-19 Immunobiology: Lessons Learned, New Questions Arise
Kaklamanos, A., Belogiannis, K., Skendros, P., Gorgoulis, V. G., Vlachoyiannopoulos, P. G., & Tzioufas, A. G. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.719023 · Cited by 37
“minimally mutated, suggesting a limited affinity maturation and, consequently, low binding affinity towards SARS-CoV-2 (131).”
Background
Pathogenic Basis of Thromboinflammation and Endothelial Injury in COVID-19: Current Findings and Therapeutic Implications
Higashikuni, Y., Liu, W., Obana, T., & Sata, M. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms222112081 · Cited by 38
Nanoparticle and virus-like particle vaccine approaches against SARS-CoV-2
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Vaccine-elicited murine antibody WS6 neutralizes diverse beta-coronaviruses by recognizing a helical stem supersite of vulnerability
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“Structure 3 spike immunization are directed primarily against the N-terminal domain (NTD) or receptor-bindingdomain (RBD) on theS1 subunit of the trimeric viral surface spike glycoprotein (spike) (Barneset al., 2020; Brouwer et al., 2020; Cao et al., 2020; Cerutti et al., 2021; Ju et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020; McCal…”
mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines and Long-Lived Plasma Cells: A Complicated Relationship
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“Furthermore, in adult subjects, the persistence of BCRs that are specific for the spike protein and not excessively mutated [64] may allow early virus recognition and improve the anti-SARS-CoV-2 defense mechanisms.”
Background
Enhanced SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization by Secretory IgA in vitroPreprint
Wang, Z., Lorenzi, J. C. C., Muecksch, F., Finkin, S., Viant, C., Gaebler, C., Cipolla, M., Hoffmann, H.-H., Oliveira, T. Y., Oren, D. A., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.09.09.288555 · Cited by 35
Machine learning identifies molecular regulators and therapeutics for targeting SARS‐CoV2‐induced cytokine release
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“Consis-tently, treatment with CV30 (Seydoux et al , 2020) (a highly potent antibody targeting RBD of SARS-CoV-2) did not change S1 protein-induced expression of cytokines in PBMCs (Fig 1E).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
A pandemic-enabled comparison of discovery platforms demonstrates a naïve antibody library can match the best immune-sourced antibodies
Ferrara, F., Erasmus, M. F., D’Angelo, S., Leal‐Lopes, C., Teixeira, A. A. R., Choudhary, A. K., Honnen, W. J., Calianese, D. C., Huang, D., Peng, L., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27799-z · Cited by 36
Modeling and predicting the overlap of B- and T-cell receptor repertoires in healthy and SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals
Ortega, M. R., Spisak, N., Mora, T., & Walczak, A. M. (2023) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1010652 · Cited by 34
Somatic hypermutation introduces bystander mutations that prepare SARS-CoV-2 antibodies for emerging variants
Korenkov, M., Zehner, M., Cohen‐Dvashi, H., Borenstein-Katz, A., Kottege, L., Janicki, H., Vanshylla, K., Weber, T., Gruell, H., Koch, M., et al. (2023) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2023.11.004 · Cited by 36
Isolation of a panel of ultra-potent human antibodies neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 and viral variants of concern
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SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells are associated with long-term persistence of neutralizing antibodies
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“Seydoux et al.5 sequenced circulating antibodies and showed that only a few somatic mutations in potent neutralizing antibodies occurred within a SARS-CoV-2-infected individual.”
Background
Diverse immunoglobulin gene usage and convergent epitope targeting in neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2
Zhou, X., Ma, F., Xie, J., Yuan, M., Li, Y., Shaabani, N., Zhao, F., Huang, D., Wu, N. C., Lee, C.-C. D., et al. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109109 · Cited by 31
“(A) IGHV genes of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in this and other studies (Brouwer et al., 2020; Chi et al., 2020; Ju et al., 2020; Kreer et al., 2020; Pinto et al., 2020; Rogers et al., 2020; Seydoux et al., 2020; Shi et al., 2020; Wu et al., 2020b; Yuan et al., 2020b; Zost et al., 2020b).”
Coronavirus-Specific Antibody Cross Reactivity in Rhesus Macaques following SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Infection
Jacob-Dolan, C., Feldman, J. E., McMahan, K., Yu, J., Zahn, R. C., Wegmann, F., Schuitemaker, H., Schmidt, A. G., & Barouch, D. H. (2021) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.00117-21 · Cited by 32
“Current evidence suggests that RBD-directed antibodies are often potent neutralizing antibodies (21, 37, 38).”
Background
Recent advances in antibody‐based immunotherapy strategies for COVID‐19
Esmaeilzadeh, A., Rostami, S. M., Yeganeh, P. M., Tahmasebi, S., & Ahmadi, M. (2021) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.30017 · Cited by 29
Neutralising SARS-CoV-2 RBD-specific antibodies persist for at least six months independently of symptoms in adults
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Sustained Delivery of SARS‐CoV‐2 RBD Subunit Vaccine Using a High Affinity Injectable Hydrogel Scaffold
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SARS -CoV-2 T-cell immunity to variants of concern following vaccinationPreprint
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Antibody Binding to SARS-CoV-2 S Glycoprotein Correlates with but Does Not Predict Neutralization
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Single‐dose immunisation with a multimerised SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor binding domain (RBD) induces an enhanced and protective response in mice
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Germinal center responses to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in healthy and immunocompromised individuals
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“Multiple groups reported that several near-germline nAbs, endowed with potent in vitro neutralizing activity, are elicited during natural SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans (Brouwer et al., 2020; Kreer et al., 2020; Schultheiß et al., 2020; Seydoux et al., 2020).”
Mosaic nanoparticles elicit cross-reactive immune responses to zoonotic coronaviruses in mice
Cohen, A. A., Gnanapragasam, P. N. P., Lee, Y. E., Hoffman, P. R., Ou, S. K.-H., Kakutani, L. M., Keeffe, J. R., Wu, H., Howarth, M. R., West, A. P., et al. (2021) · CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) · Cited by 29
Rapid discovery of diverse neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from large-scale synthetic phage libraries
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Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays for antibody monitoring in natural infection and vaccine trialsPreprint
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“Alternatively, SARS-CoV-2 152 spike glycoprotein was produced as described elsewhere (23).”
MethodSelf-citation
Impact of the B.1.1.7 variant on neutralizing monoclonal antibodies recognizing diverse epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 Spike
Graham, C., Seow, J., Huettner, I., Khan, H., Kouphou, N., Acors, S., Winstone, H., Pickering, S., Galao, R. P., Lista, M. J., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.02.03.429355 · Cited by 27
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV2 in IBD Patients Treated with Biologic Therapy
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“Humoral immune response against SARS-CoV2 proteins, including the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein, leads the production of antibodies of different classes [6, 7].”
Background
Tracking B cell responses to the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 vaccine
de Assis, F. L., Hoehn, K. B., Zhang, X., Kardava, L., Smith, C. D., Merhebi, O. E., Buckner, C. M., Trihemasava, K., Wang, W., Seamon, C. A., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112780 · Cited by 28
“61,62 Nonetheless, with the inclusion of oligo-tagged RBD and S1 within ADTs at the last two timepoints where there were enough cells to perform the ADT step post sort, we observed similar binding and temporal dynamics for the three spike proteins within MBC-C5.”
DNA-launched RNA replicon vaccines induce potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in mice
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Emerging Human Coronavirus Infections (SARS, MERS, and COVID-19): Where They Are Leading Us
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“The non-neutralizing antibodies generate within the first week of the infection and target epitopes outside the RBD of the S protein to disrupt the SARSCoV2 S-ACE2 interaction without undergoing extensive maturation [357].”
Background
Crippling life support for SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses through synthetic lethality
Mast, F. D., Navare, A., van der Sloot, A. M., Coulombe‐Huntington, J., Rout, M. P., Baliga, N. S., Kaushansky, A., Chait, B. T., Aderem, A. A., Rice, C. M., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.202006159 · Cited by 25
“…and Pirofski, 2020; Casadevall et al., 2020), monoclonal antibodies cloned from COVID-19 patients (Liu et al., 2020a; Pinto et al., 2020; Robbiani et al., 2020; Rogers et al., 2020; Seydoux et al., 2020) and nanobodies, single-domain antibody fragments derived from the variable heavy domain”
Background
SARS-CoV-2–specific antibody rearrangements in prepandemic immune repertoires of risk cohorts and patients with COVID-19
Paschold, L., Simnica, D., Willscher, E., Vehreschild, M. J. G. T., Dutzmann, J., Sedding, D., Schultheiß, C., & Binder, M. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci142966 · Cited by 26
Trimeric SARS-CoV-2 Spike Proteins Produced from CHO Cells in Bioreactors Are High-Quality Antigens
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Nucleic acid delivery of immune-focused SARS-CoV-2 nanoparticles drives rapid and potent immunogenicity capable of single-dose protection
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“…glycan variants, we utilized 14 RBD-directed nAbs, 2 Abs with inconsistent neutralization (Huo et al., 2020; Yuan et al., 2020b; Zhou et al., 2020a; Seydoux et al., 2020), and 6 non-nAbs (Hansen et al., 2020; Wu et al., 2020b; Seydoux et al., 2020; Shi et al., 2020; Rogers et al., 2020; Pinto et…”
The mutational dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in serial passages in vitro
Sonnleitner, S. T., Sonnleitner, S., Hinterbichler, E., Halbfurter, H., Kopecky, D. B. C., Koblmüller, S., Sturmbauer, C., Posch, W., & Walder, G. (2022) · Virologica Sinica · doi:10.1016/j.virs.2022.01.029 · Cited by 23
“Therefore, the spike protein represents the main target for neutralizing antibodies and thus is exposed to strong selective pressure (Brouwer et al., 2020; Cao et al., 2020; Ju et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2020; Rogers et al., 2020; Seydoux et al., 2020; Wec et al., 2020; Wu et al., 2020; Zost et al., 2020; Verkhivker et…”
Converting non-neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies into broad-spectrum inhibitors
Weidenbacher, P. A. B., Waltari, E., Kobara, I. D. L. R., Bell, B. N., Morris, M. K., Cheng, Y.-C., Hanson, C. V., Pak, J. E., & Kim, P. S. (2022) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/s41589-022-01140-1 · Cited by 23
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A longitudinal study of convalescent plasma ( CCP ) donors and correlation of ABO group, initial neutralizing antibodies ( nAb ), and body mass index ( BMI ) with nAb and anti‐nucleocapsid ( NP ) SARS‐CoV ‐2 antibody kinetics: Proposals for better quality of CCP collections
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Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Potential of COVID-19–Convalescent Donors
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“It is known that most Abs produced against SARS-CoV-2 are not binding to the RBD of the spike protein (21).”
Background
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine elicits monoclonal antibodies with cross-neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 viral variants
Seow, J., Graham, C., Hallett, S. R., Lechmere, T., Maguire, T. J. A., Huettner, I., Cox, D., Khan, H., Pickering, S., Roberts, R., et al. (2022) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110757 · Cited by 18
“…SARS-CoV-2-in-fected individuals, allowing identiﬁcation of key neutralizing epitopes on Spike (Andreano et al., 2021a; Barnes et al., 2020; Brouwer et al., 2020; Graham et al., 2021; Piccoli et al., 2020; Robbiani et al., 2020; Rogers et al., 2020; Seydoux et al., 2020; Tortorici et al., 2020).”
Immune features of COVID-19 convalescent individuals revealed by a single-cell RNA sequencing
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Rapid Hypermutation B Cell Trajectory Recruits Previously Primed B Cells Upon Third SARS-Cov-2 mRNA Vaccination
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Cross-reactive sarbecovirus antibodies induced by mosaic RBD nanoparticles
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“…- SARS - 2 mAbs have been isolated from infected and/or immunized human donors ( 78 ), in whom immune responses generally focus on the immunodominant, but variable, class 1 and class 2 RBD regions ( 4 – 8 , 11 , 12 , 21 – 25 ), thus usually resulting in mAbs that are sensitive to VOC substitutions.”
Heterologous SARS-CoV-2 spike protein booster elicits durable and broad antibody responses against the receptor-binding domain
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Neutralizing antibodies targeting the SARS‐CoV‐2 receptor binding domain isolated from a naïve human antibody library
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Potent Molecular Feature-based Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies as Promising Therapeutics Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection
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Lower SARS-CoV-2–specific humoral immunity in people living with HIV-1 recovered from nonhospitalized COVID-19
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“Monoclonal antibodies CV23 IgG1 and CV30 IgG1 (40) and CR3022 IgG1 served as positive controls, while CH65 IgG1 served as a negative control (41).”

Authors: Seydoux, E., Homad, L. J., MacCamy, A. J., Parks, K. R., Hurlburt, N. K., Jennewein, M. F., Akins, N. R., Stuart, A. B., Wan, Y.-H., Feng, J., Whaley, R. E., Singh, S., Boeckh, M., Cohen, K. W., McElrath, M. J., Englund, J. A., Chu, H. Y., Pancera, M., McGuire, A. T., & Stamatatos, L.
Affiliations: Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
University of Washington (US)
National Institutes of Health (US)
Corresponding author: Pancera, Marie
McGuire, Andrew T.
Stamatatos, Leonidas
ORCID: Seydoux, Emilie
Homad, Leah J.
MacCamy, Anna J.
Parks, K. Rachael
Hurlburt, Nicholas K.
Jennewein, Madeleine F.
Akins, Nicholas R.
Wan, Yu-Hsin
Feng, Junli
Whaley, Rachael E.
Singh, Suruchi
Boeckh, Michael
Cohen, Kristen W.
McElrath, M. Juliana
Englund, Janet A.
Chu, Helen Y.
Pancera, Marie
McGuire, Andrew T.
Stamatatos, Leonidas
Venue: Immunity
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2020-07
Volume: 53
Issue: 1
Pages: 98-105.e5
ISSN: 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.06.001
PMC: PMC7276322
OpenAlex: W3033450058
Cited by: 364
References: 44
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 143 · 2020: 89
FWCI: 10.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 378 d)
Locations: Immunity (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, neutralizing antibodies, spike protein, receptor binding domain, ACE2 receptor, somatic mutations, B-cell clonality, monoclonal antibodies, antibody epitope specificity, antibody affinity, antibody maturation, vaccine design
MeSH terms: Betacoronavirus, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antibodies, Viral, B-Lymphocytes, Binding Sites, Humans, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A, Pneumonia, Viral, Protein Binding, Receptors, Virus, Viral Vaccines, Coronavirus Infections, Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte, Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Pandemics, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus

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Analysis of a SARS-CoV-2-Infected Individual Reveals Development of Potent Neutralizing Antibodies with Limited Somatic Mutation

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