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Analysis of a SARS-CoV-2-Infected Individual Reveals Development of Potent Neutralizing Antibodies with Limited Somatic Mutation
Open accessAbstract
Antibody responses develop following SARS-CoV-2 infection, but little is known about their epitope specificities, clonality, binding affinities, epitopes, and neutralizing activity. We isolated B cells specific for the SARS-CoV-2 envelope glycoprotein spike (S) from a COVID-19-infected subject 21 days after the onset of clinical disease. 45 S-specific monoclonal antibodies were generated. They had undergone minimal somatic mutation with limited clonal expansion, and three bound the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Two antibodies neutralized SARS-CoV-2. The most potent antibody bound the RBD and prevented binding to the ACE2 receptor, while the other bound outside the RBD. Thus, most anti-S antibodies that were generated in this patient during the first weeks of COVID-19 infection were non-neutralizing and target epitopes outside the RBD. Antibodies that disrupt the SARS-CoV-2 S-ACE2 interaction can potently neutralize the virus without undergoing extensive maturation. Such antibodies have potential preventive and/or therapeutic potential and can serve as templates for vaccine design.
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“Numerous neutralizing anti-RBD monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been characterized, the most potent of which block the RBD-ACE2 interaction (16, 17, 22–24, 32–37).”
From mRNA vaccination boosts cross-variant neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection (2021) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“SARS-CoV-2 infection rapidly elicits nAbs (16, 21–24) that decline, but remain detectable, over several months (25–29).”
From mRNA vaccination boosts cross-variant neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection (2021) · cites this paper as [22]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Seydoux, E., Homad, L. J., MacCamy, A. J., Parks, K. R., Hurlburt, N. K., Jennewein, M. F., Akins, N. R., Stuart, A. B., Wan, Y.-H., Feng, J., Whaley, R. E., Singh, S., Boeckh, M., Cohen, K. W., McElrath, M. J., Englund, J. A., Chu, H. Y., Pancera, M., McGuire, A. T., & Stamatatos, L.
- Affiliations
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pancera, Marie
- McGuire, Andrew T.
- Stamatatos, Leonidas
- ORCID
- Seydoux, Emilie
- Homad, Leah J.
- MacCamy, Anna J.
- Parks, K. Rachael
- Hurlburt, Nicholas K.
- Jennewein, Madeleine F.
- Akins, Nicholas R.
- Wan, Yu-Hsin
- Feng, Junli
- Whaley, Rachael E.
- Singh, Suruchi
- Boeckh, Michael
- Cohen, Kristen W.
- McElrath, M. Juliana
- Englund, Janet A.
- Chu, Helen Y.
- Pancera, Marie
- McGuire, Andrew T.
- Stamatatos, Leonidas
- Venue
- Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2020-07
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 98-105.e5
- ISSN
- 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7276322
- OpenAlex
- W3033450058
- Cited by
- 364
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 70 · 2021: 143 · 2020: 89
- FWCI
- 10.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, neutralizing antibodies, spike protein, receptor binding domain, ACE2 receptor, somatic mutations, B-cell clonality, monoclonal antibodies, antibody epitope specificity, antibody affinity, antibody maturation, vaccine design
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Antibodies, Viral, B-Lymphocytes, Binding Sites, Humans, Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A, Pneumonia, Viral, Protein Binding, Receptors, Virus, Viral Vaccines, Coronavirus Infections, Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte, Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Pandemics, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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