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Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders
Open accessAbstract
Obesity leads to chronic, systemic inflammation and can lead to insulin resistance (IR), β-cell dysfunction, and ultimately type 2 diabetes (T2D). This chronic inflammatory state contributes to long-term complications of diabetes, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, and nephropathy, and may underlie the association of type 2 diabetes with other conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome, gout, and rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we review the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying inflammation in obesity, T2D, and related disorders. We discuss how chronic tissue inflammation results in IR, impaired insulin secretion, glucose intolerance, and T2D and review the effect of inflammation on diabetic complications and on the relationship between T2D and other pathologies. In this context, we discuss current therapeutic options for the treatment of metabolic disease, advances in the clinic and the potential of immune-modulatory approaches.
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“Obesity further amplifies systemic inflammation, creating a self-perpetuating cycle that markedly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes [38].”
From Navigating the potential of algal peptides: health effects, market applications, and scientific challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [38]
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“Furthermore, inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), abundant in the AD brain, suppress GLUT expression, while oxidative stress further destabilizes and inactivates transporter proteins.”
From Toward a Unified Framework in Molecular Neurobiology of Alzheimer’s Disease: Revisiting the Pathophysiological Hypotheses (2026) · cites this paper as [73]
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“Inflammation, as a basic pathological process, is critically implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of numerous diseases.”
From Picroside II as a Potential Anti-Inflammatory Agent (2026) · cites this paper as [5]
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“Our data using Cd68-eGFP mice support previous findings that obesity is associated with chronic inflammation37, as we observed increased expression numbers of Cd68-eGFP+ cells throughout the mouse.”
From A deep-learning framework reveals whole-body perturbations at cell level (2026) · cites this paper as [37]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Rohm, T. V., Meier, D. T., Olefsky, J. M., & Donath, M. Y.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- University of Basel (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Donath, Marc Y.
- Venue
- Immunity
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-01
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31-55
- ISSN
- 1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8773457
- OpenAlex
- W4206799195
- Cited by
- 2,066
- References
- 422
- Citations by year
- 2026: 450 · 2025: 649 · 2024: 512 · 2023: 345 · 2022: 108
- FWCI
- 64.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 375 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Immunity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30 DK063491, DK101395)
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (P2BSP3_200177)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Diseases and Diabetes
- Keywords
- obesity, type 2 diabetes, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction, insulin secretion, impaired glucose tolerance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes complications, Alzheimer's disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, retinopathy, immunomodulatory therapy, metabolic disease treatment
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Obesity, Diabetes Complications, Immunomodulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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