Cited by 2,066Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesDiabetes Treatment and ManagementSkin Diseases and Diabetes

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 415 of the 422 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Inflammation in obesity, diabetes, and related disorders

Open access

Abstract

Obesity leads to chronic, systemic inflammation and can lead to insulin resistance (IR), β-cell dysfunction, and ultimately type 2 diabetes (T2D). This chronic inflammatory state contributes to long-term complications of diabetes, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), retinopathy, cardiovascular disease, and nephropathy, and may underlie the association of type 2 diabetes with other conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome, gout, and rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we review the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying inflammation in obesity, T2D, and related disorders. We discuss how chronic tissue inflammation results in IR, impaired insulin secretion, glucose intolerance, and T2D and review the effect of inflammation on diabetic complications and on the relationship between T2D and other pathologies. In this context, we discuss current therapeutic options for the treatment of metabolic disease, advances in the clinic and the potential of immune-modulatory approaches.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.12.013

Cites

415 of 415 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

7 of the 422 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Ebstein, 1876, Zur Therapie des Diabetes Mellitus, insbesondere über die Anwendung des Salicylsauren Natron bei demselben, Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift., 24, 337
  2. Jonsson, 2013, TREM2 and neurodegenerative disease, N. Engl. J. Med., 369, 1568
  3. Klover, 2003, Chronic exposure to interleukin-6 causes hepatic insulin resistance in mice, Diabetes, 52, 2784, 10.2337/diabetes.52.11.2784 · DOI · Paper page
  4. Rohm, 2017, Increased Inflammatory Intestinal Macrophage Subpopulations after High-Fat Diet, Diabetes, 66, 51

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 2,066

Metadata

Authors
Rohm, T. V., Meier, D. T., Olefsky, J. M., & Donath, M. Y.
Affiliations
  • University of California San Diego (US)
  • University of Basel (CH)
Corresponding author
Donath, Marc Y.
Venue
Immunity
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-01
Volume
55
Issue
1
Pages
31-55
ISSN
1074-7613 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4206799195
Cited by
2,066
References
422
Citations by year
2026: 450 · 2025: 649 · 2024: 512 · 2023: 345 · 2022: 108
FWCI
64.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Immunity (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30 DK063491, DK101395)
  • Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (P2BSP3_200177)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Diseases and Diabetes
Keywords
obesity, type 2 diabetes, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction, insulin secretion, impaired glucose tolerance, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes complications, Alzheimer's disease, polycystic ovary syndrome, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, retinopathy, immunomodulatory therapy, metabolic disease treatment
MeSH terms
Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Obesity, Diabetes Complications, Immunomodulation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review