Cited by 107Soil Carbon and Nitrogen DynamicsThermochemical Biomass Conversion ProcessesAgricultural Science and Fertilization

Biochar for Ameliorating Soil Fertility and Microbial Diversity: From Production to Action of the Black Gold

Open access
Ighalo, Joshua O., Ohoro, Chinemerem R., Ojukwu, Victor E., Oniye, Mutiat, Shaikh, Wasim Akram, Biswas, Jayanta Kumar, Seth, Chandra Shekhar, Mohan, Ganesh Babu Malli +2 more·2025·iScience

Abstract

This article evaluated different production strategies, characteristics, and applications of biochar for ameliorating soil fertility and microbial diversity. The biochar production techniques are evolving, indicating that newer methods (including hydrothermal and retort carbonization) operate with minimum temperatures, yet resulting in high yields with significant improvements in different properties, including heating value, oxygen functionality, and carbon content, compared to the traditional methods. It has been found that the temperature, feedstock type, and moisture content play critical roles in the fabrication process. The alkaline nature of biochar is attributed to surface functional groups and addresses soil acidity issues. The porous structure and oxygen-containing functional groups contribute to soil microbial adhesion, affecting soil health and nutrient availability, improving plant root morphology, photosynthetic pigments, enzyme activities, and growth even under salinity stress conditions. The review underscores the potential of biochar to address diverse agricultural challenges, emphasizing the need for further research and application-specific considerations.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.isci.2024.111524

Cites

265 of 266 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

2 retracted

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [59]Kumar Yadav N. Vijay Kumar I. Kumar V. Sharma K. Singh Choudhary R. Singh Butter T. Singh G. Kumar M. Kumar R. Biochar and their impacts on soil properties and crop productivity: a review J. Pharmacogn. Phytochemistry (Elsevier) 7 2018 49 54

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Ighalo, J. O., Ohoro, C. R., Ojukwu, V. E., Oniye, M., Shaikh, W. A., Biswas, J. K., Seth, C. S., Mohan, G. B. M., Chandran, S. A., & Rangabhashiyam, S.
Affiliations
  • Kansas State University (US)
  • North-West University (ZA)
  • Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NG)
  • Nazarbayev University (KZ)
  • The Neotia University (IN)
  • University of Kalyani (IN)
  • University of Delhi (IN)
  • University of Georgia (US)
  • SASTRA University (IN)
Corresponding author
Biswas, Jayanta Kumar
Venue
iScience
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2025-01
Volume
28
Issue
1
Pages
111524
ISSN
2589-0042 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W4404935968
Cited by
107
References
265
Citations by year
2026: 77 · 2025: 30
FWCI
3.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • iScience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Nazarbayev University Repository (Nazarbayev University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Agricultural Science and Fertilization
Keywords
biochar, soil fertility, soil microbial diversity, biochar production, hydrothermal carbonization, pyrolysis temperature, feedstock type, moisture content, oxygen-containing functional groups, soil acidity, soil pH, soil porosity, nutrient availability, plant growth, salt stress, soil health

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review