Applications of biochar in redox-mediated reactions
Abstract
Biochar is chemically more reduced and reactive than the original feedstock biomass. Graphite regions, functional groups, and redox-active metals in biochar contribute to its redox characteristics. While the functional groups such as phenolic species in biochar are the main electron donating moieties (i.e., reducers), the quinones and polycondensed aromatic functional groups are the components accepting electrons (oxidants). The redox capacity of biochar depends on feedstock properties and pyrolysis conditions. This paper aims to review and summarize the various synthesis techniques for biochars and the methods for probing their redox characteristics. We review the abiotic and microbial applications of biochars as electron donors, electron acceptors, or electron shuttles for pollutant degradation, metal(loid)s (im)mobilization, nutrient transformation, and discuss the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, knowledge gaps that exist in the exploration and differentiation of the electron transfer mechanisms involving biochars are also identified.
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Biochar can also be produced by other thermochemical processes, including hydrothermal carbonization, gasification, torrefaction, and microwave-assisted pyrolysis.
“However, recent studies have shown that biochar can also be produced by other thermochemical processes, e.g., hydrothermal carbonization, gasification, torrefaction, and microwave-assisted pyrolysis (Kambo and Dutta 2015;Vithanage et al. 2017;Yuan et al. 2017).”
From Biochar and its importance on nutrient dynamics in soil and plant (2020) · cites this paper as Yuan et al. 2017
The electron-shuttle scenario reflects the electrochemical properties of biochar and proves superior electron accepting capacity and electron donating capacity from the sp2-hybridized graphitic carbon lattice.
“The electron-shuttle scenario reflects the electrochemical properties of biochar, which further proves the superior electron accepting capacity (EAC) and electron donating capacity (EDC) from the sp 2hybridized graphitic carbon lattice.27”
From Sustainable remediation with an electroactive biochar system: mechanisms and perspectives (2020) · cites this paper as [27]
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Self-citationBiochar as a low-cost adsorbent for aqueous heavy metal removal: A review
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Self-citationMultifunctional applications of biochar beyond carbon storage
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Self-citationBiochar based catalysts for the abatement of emerging pollutants: a review
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Sustainable remediation with an electroactive biochar system: mechanisms and perspectives
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Self-citationRelease dynamics of As, Co, and Mo in a biochar treated soil under pre-definite redox conditions
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- Authors
- Yuan, Y., Bolan, N., Prévoteau, A., Vithanage, M., Biswas, J. K., Ok, Y. S., & Wang, H.
- Affiliations
- Guangdong University of Technology (CN)
- CRC CARE (AU)
- Ghent University (BE)
- University of Sri Jayewardenepura (LK)
- University of Kalyani (IN)
- Korea University (KR)
- Zhejiang A & F University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Yuan, Yong
- ORCID
- Venue
- Bioresource Technology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-12
- Volume
- 246
- Pages
- 271-281
- ISSN
- 0960-8524 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2731374170
- Cited by
- 486
- References
- 103
- Citations by year
- 2026: 55 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 5
- FWCI
- 3.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Bioresource Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
- NOVA (University of Newcastle Australia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (51678162)
- Guangdong Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar (2014A030306033)
- Department of Science and Technology
- Government of India under INSPIRE Fellowship Programme (1F131101)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioremediation
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Environmental remediation with nanomaterials
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal
- Keywords
- biochar, redox properties, electron shuttles, electron donors, electron acceptors, pyrolysis conditions, biochar production, phenolic functional groups, quinones, redox-active metals, pollutant degradation, nutrient transformation, microbial applications, electron transfer mechanism
- MeSH terms
- Charcoal, Graphite, Oxidation-Reduction, Biomass
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