Physical Activity Reduces Systemic Blood Pressure and Improves Early Markers of Atherosclerosis in Pre-Pubertal Obese Children
Open accessAbstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the effects of physical activity on systemic blood pressure (BP) and early markers of atherosclerosis in pre-pubertal obese children.Background Hypertension and endothelial dysfunction are premature complications of obesity.Methods We performed a 3-month randomized controlled trial with a modified crossover design: 44 pre-pubertal obese children (age 8.9 + or - 1.5 years) were randomly assigned (1:1) to an exercise (n = 22) or a control group (n = 22). We recruited 22 lean children (age 8.5 + or - 1.5 years) for baseline comparison. The exercise group trained 60 min 3 times/week during 3 months, whereas control subjects remained relatively inactive. Then, both groups trained twice/week during 3 months. We assessed changes at 3 and 6 months in office and 24-h BP, arterial intima-media thickness (IMT) and stiffness, endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation), body mass index (BMI), body fat, cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption [VO(2)max]), physical activity, and biological markers.Results Obese children had higher BP, arterial stiffness, body weight, BMI, abdominal fat, insulin resistance indexes, and C-reactive protein levels, and lower flow-mediated dilation, VO(2)max, physical activity, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than lean subjects. At 3 months, we observed significant changes in 24-h systolic BP (exercise -6.9 + or - 13.5 mm Hg vs. control 3.8 + or - 7.9 mm Hg, -0.8 + or - 1.5 standard deviation score [SDS] vs. 0.4 + or - 0.8 SDS), diastolic BP (-0.5 + or - 1.0 SDS vs. 0 + or - 1.4 SDS), hypertension rate (-12% vs. -1%), office BP, BMI z-score, abdominal fat, and VO(2)max. At 6 months, change differences in arterial stiffness and IMT were significant.Conclusions A regular physical activity program reduces BP, arterial stiffness, and abdominal fat; increases cardiorespiratory fitness; and delays arterial wall remodeling in pre-pubertal obese children. (Effects of Aerobic Exercise Training on Arterial Function and Insulin Resistance Syndrome in Obese Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial; NCT00801645).
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Physical activity is beneficial in weight reduction and improves cardiovascular fitness.
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- Authors
- Farpour-Lambert, N. J., Aggoun, Y., Marchand, L. M., Martin, X. E., Herrmann, F. R., & Beghetti, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Geneva (CH)
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-12
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 25
- Pages
- 2396-2406
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2016296487
- Cited by
- 436
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 24.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (103853, 3200B0)
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- physical activity, aerobic exercise training, childhood obesity, prepubertal children, blood pressure, hypertension, atherosclerosis, arterial stiffness, intima-media thickness, endothelial function, flow-mediated dilation, cardiorespiratory fitness, VO2max, abdominal fat, arterial remodeling, insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, hypertension prevention, obesity prevention, hypertension screening
- MeSH terms
- Body Height, Body Weight, Child, Endothelium, Vascular, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Insulin Resistance, Cholesterol, HDL, Male, Obesity, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Fitness, Puberty, Regional Blood Flow, Ultrasonography, Vasodilation, Biomarkers, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Exercise Tolerance, Carotid Artery, Common, Tunica Intima, Tunica Media, Cross-Over Studies, Atherosclerosis, Body Fat Distribution
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