Pre-Diabetes and the Risk for Cardiovascular Disease
Open accessAbstract
Objectives Our objective was to estimate the magnitude of the relative risk (RR) for cardiovascular disease associated with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) from published prospective observational studies.Background Hyperglycemia is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the magnitude of the RR for cardiovascular disease associated with IFG and IGT is unclear.Methods We searched PubMed from 1997 through 2008 for relevant publications and performed a meta-analysis.Results In 18 publications with information about IFG (110 to 125 mg/dl) (IFG 110), estimates of RR ranged from 0.65 to 2.50. The fixed-effects summary estimate of RR was 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12 to 1.28). In 8 publications with information about IFG (100 to 125 mg/dl) (IFG 100), estimates of RR ranged from 0.87 to 1.40. The fixed-effects summary estimate of RR was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.09 to 1.28). In 8 publications with information about IGT, estimates of RR ranged from 0.83 to 1.34. The fixed-effects summary estimate of RR was 1.20 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.34). Five studies combined IFG and IGT, yielding a fixed-effects summary estimate of RR of 1.10 (95% CI: 0.99 to 1.23). No significant difference between the summary estimates for men and women were detected (IFG 110: men: 1.17 [95% CI: 1.05 to 1.31], women: 1.30 [95% CI: 1.10 to 1.54]; IFG 100: men: 1.23 [95% CI: 1.06 to 1.42], women: 1.16 [95% CI: 0.99 to 1.36]).Conclusions Impaired fasting glucose and IGT are associated with modest increases in the risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Cardiovascular mortality is significantly increased in prediabetic patients compared to patients with normal blood glucose.
“Cardiovascular mortality is also significantly increased in prediabetic patients compared to patients with normal blood glucose.[14, 15]”
From Postprandial Reactive Hypoglycemia (2019) · cites this paper as [14]
The Results (page unavailable) report significantly elevated pooled risks for cardiovascular disease outcomes with impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance. But the review pools cardiovascular disease outcomes rather than establishing a separate, statistically significant increase in cardiovascular mortality; its combined IFG/IGT estimate also has a confidence interval spanning 1. The claim is therefore more specific and categorical than the reported findings. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFord et al estimated a relative risk of cardiovascular disease of 1.18 (95% CI 1.09-1.28) when 5.5 mmol/L (IFG-ADA) was used.
“a relative risk of 1.18 (95% CI 1.09-1.28) when 5.5 mmol/L (IFG-ADA) was used.”
From The Vasculature in Prediabetes (2018) · cites this paper as [24]
Ford et al estimated a relative risk of cardiovascular disease of 1.20 (95% CI 1.12-1.28) when 6.1 mmol/L was used to define IFG (IFG-WHO).
“Ford et al estimated a relative risk of cardiovascular disease of 1.20 (95% CI 1.12-1.28) when 6.1 mmol/L (110 mg/dL) was used to define IFG (IFG-WHO)”
From The Vasculature in Prediabetes (2018) · cites this paper as [24]
The relative risk of cardiovascular disease associated with IGT was similar to that for IFG.
“The relative risk associated with IGT was similar.”
From The Vasculature in Prediabetes (2018) · cites this paper as [24]
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- Authors
- Ford, E. S., Zhao, G., & Li, C.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ford, Earl S.
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2010-03
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1310-1317
- ISSN
- 0735-1097 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W35781219
- Cited by
- 480
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 48
- FWCI
- 26.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- prediabetes, cardiovascular risk, impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, hyperglycemia, relative risk, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Diabetic Angiopathies, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Prediabetic State, Risk Factors, Glucose Intolerance, Risk Assessment
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