Cytokine production in bipolar affective disorder patients under lithium treatment

Boufidou, Fotini; Nikolaou, Chryssoula; Alevizos, Basil; Liappas, Ioannis A.; Christodoulou, George N.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2004.01.007

Cited by 130Bipolar Disorder and TreatmentTryptophan and brain disordersTreatment of Major Depression

Cytokine production in bipolar affective disorder patients under lithium treatment

Boufidou, Fotini, Nikolaou, Chryssoula, Alevizos, Basil, Liappas, Ioannis A., Christodoulou, George N.·2004·Journal of Affective Disorders

DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2004.01.007

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Abstract

Background Our knowledge concerning immune functioning in bipolar affective disorder (BAD) is limited, while lithium's immunomodulatory effects seem multiple and conflicting. Our aim was to evaluate cytokine production and lithium's effect on it in BAD patients, using ELISPOT technique as a sensitive tool.Methods Cytokine (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-gamma) production from isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) was evaluated (ELISPOT technique) in 40 euthymic BAD patients under chronic lithium treatment, in 20 healthy volunteers, and in 10 never medicated BAD patients before and after the introduction of lithium therapy. In all cases, cytokine plasma levels were also measured using ELISA.Results BAD patients under chronic lithium treatment had significantly lower numbers of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-gamma secreting cells compared to healthy volunteers. The number of cytokine secreting cells decreased in never medicated patients after 3 months of lithium treatment. In vitro stimulation of PBLs with lithium did not affect the number of cytokine secreting cells either in the patients or in the healthy volunteers.Conclusions The significantly lower number of PBLs producing cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-gamma) in euthymic BAD patients under chronic lithium treatment result from the long-term (over 3 months) lithium administration. In vitro stimulation of PBLs with lithium did not change the number of cytokine producing cells. Our findings may be useful in elucidating possible downregulatory effects of lithium in humans.

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The most commonly used therapeutic drugs-lithium and valproate-were able to reverse the inflammatory state in mood disorders.
“Interestingly, the most commonly used therapeutic drugs—lithium and valproate—were able to reverse the inflammatory state in mood disorders [99–101].”
From Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Brain Disorders: Focus on Neuroinflammation (2019) · cites this paper as [100]

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Authors: Boufidou, F., Nikolaou, C., Alevizos, B., Liappas, I. A., & Christodoulou, G. N.
Affiliations: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
Corresponding author: Boufidou, Fotini
ORCID: Boufidou, Fotini
Christodoulou, George N.
Venue: Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2004-10
Volume: 82
Issue: 2
Pages: 309-313
ISSN: 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2004.01.007
OpenAlex: W2131826740
Cited by: 130
References: 31
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 2.51
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
Keywords: bipolar disorder, lithium, cytokine production, immunomodulation, peripheral blood lymphocytes, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, IL-10, interferon-gamma, euthymic patients, cytokine-secreting cells
MeSH terms: Adult, Anticonvulsants, Bipolar Disorder, Carbamazepine, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Long-Term Care, Lymphocytes, Male, Middle Aged, Recurrence, Valproic Acid, Down-Regulation, Cytokines, Lithium Chloride, Lymphocyte Count, Antimanic Agents

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Cytokine production in bipolar affective disorder patients under lithium treatment

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