The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Antidepressants and dementia
Abstract
Background It has been suggested that antidepressants may have neuroprotective abilities but it has newer been investigated lately whether treatment with antidepressants reduces the risk of dementia. Method Linkage of registers of all prescribed antidepressants and diagnoses of dementia in Denmark during a period from 1995 to 2005. Results Persons who purchased antidepressants once (N=687,552) had an increased rate of dementia compared to persons unexposed to antidepressants (N=779,831). Nevertheless, the rate of dementia changed over time; thus during the initial prescription periods the rate increased with the number of prescriptions but continued long-term antidepressants treatment was associated with a reduction in the rate of dementia, however, not to the same level as the rate for the general population. This pattern was found for all classes of antidepressants (SSRIs, newer non-SSRI antidepressants and older antidepressants). All findings were replicated in sub-analyses with Alzheimer's disease as outcome. Limitations Methodological reasons for the findings cannot be excluded due to the non-randomized nature of data. Conclusions Continued long-term antidepressant treatment was associated with a reduced rate of dementia, however, not to the same level as the rate for the general population.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Several studies have found that SSRIs reduce risk of AD in depressed individuals.”
From Serotonin signaling is associated with lower amyloid-β levels and plaques in transgenic mice and humans (2011) · cites this paper as [47]
In the citing paper
“A recent retrospective study of over 1.4 million people in Denmark over a 10-y period suggested that depressed individuals who were treated only once, or for only a short period, had a greater risk of AD than those who had chronic antidepressant use (47); chronic antidepressant use lowered the risk toward that of the general population.”
From Serotonin signaling is associated with lower amyloid-β levels and plaques in transgenic mice and humans (2011) · cites this paper as [47]
In the citing paper
“A recent retrospective study of over 1.4 million people in Denmark over a 10-y period suggested that depressed individuals who were treated only once, or for only a short period, had a greater risk of AD than those who had chronic antidepressant use (47); chronic antidepressant use lowered the risk toward that of the general population.”
From Serotonin signaling is associated with lower amyloid-β levels and plaques in transgenic mice and humans (2011) · cites this paper as [47]
In the citing paper
“Another study using a nationwide database in Denmark revealed that continued long-term antidepressant treatment was associated with a reduced rate of dementia [55].”
From Risk analysis of use of different classes of antidepressants on subsequent dementia: A nationwide cohort study in Taiwan (2017) · cites this paper as [55]
In the citing paper
“In contrast, other studies did link antidepressant use to increased dementia risk. 4,8-14”
From Antidepressant use in relation to dementia risk, cognitive decline, and brain atrophy (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“Long-term observational data are needed, but cohort studies to date have produced contrasting results. While various studies observed increased risk of dementia in antidepressant users, 4,8-14 several others did not. 15-19”
From Antidepressant use in relation to dementia risk, cognitive decline, and brain atrophy (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
Citations
Cites
The Danish National Hospital Register. A valuable source of data for modern health sciences.
Andersen, T. F., Madsen, M., Jørgensen, J. O. L., Mellemkjoer, L., & Olsen, J. H. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 2,026
Ownby, R. L., Crocco, E., Acevedo, A., John, V., & Loewenstein, D. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.5.530 · Cited by 1,493
- Statistical Models for Epidemiology
Broemeling, L. D. (2013) · Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks · doi:10.1201/b15382-9 · Cited by 1,346
Pharmacological Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Dementia: A Review of the Evidence
Sink, K. M., Holden, K. F., & Yaffe, K. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.293.5.596 · Cited by 910
Malberg, J. E., & Duman, R. S. (2003) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300234 · Cited by 815
A review on cognitive impairments in depressive and anxiety disorders with a focus on young adults
Castaneda, A. E., Tuulio‐Henriksson, A., MARTTUNEN, M. J., Suvisaari, J., & Lönnqvist, J. K. (2007) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.06.006 · Cited by 755
The Danish Psychiatric Central Register.
Munk‐Jørgensen, P., & Mortensen, P. B. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 698
Hippocampal Neurogenesis: Regulation by Stress and Antidepressants
Dranovsky, A., & Hen, R. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.082 · Cited by 663
Statistical Models in Epidemiology
Leger, A. S. S. (1994) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.48.6.607 · Cited by 427
The Danish registers of causes of death.
Juel, K., & Helweg‐Larsen, K. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 410
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cognitive impairment in the remitted state of unipolar depressive disorder: A systematic review
Hasselbalch, B. J., Knorr, U., & Kessing, L. V. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.11.011 · Cited by 406
Self-citationCirrito, J. R., Disabato, B. M., Restivo, J. L., Verges, D. K., Goebel, W. D., Sathyan, A., Hayreh, D., D'Angelo, G., Benzinger, T., Yoon, H., et al. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1107411108 · Cited by 377
“4 million people in Denmark over a 10-y period suggested that depressed individuals who were treated only once, or for only a short period, had a greater risk ofAD than thosewho had chronic antidepressant use (47); chronic antidepressant use lowered the risk toward that of the general population.”
BackgroundDepression—an underrecognized target for prevention of dementia in Alzheimer’s disease
Dafsari, F. S., & Jessen, F. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0839-1 · Cited by 312
Depression and Alzheimer's disease: Neurobiological links and common pharmacological targets
Caraci, F., Copani, A., Nicoletti, F., & Drago, F. (2009) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.10.022 · Cited by 325
Microglia, Lifestyle Stress, and Neurodegeneration
Madore, C., Yin, Z., Leibowitz, J. A., & Butovsky, O. (2020) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2019.12.003 · Cited by 313
“In clinical studies, long-term treatment with SSRIs is associated with reduced rates of dementia and delayed AD progression (Bartels et al., 2018; Kessing et al., 2009).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Kessing, L. V., Søndergård, L., Forman, J. L., & Andersen, P. K.
- Affiliations
- Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
- Rigshospitalet (DK)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Kessing, Lars Vedel
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-09
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 24-29
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2015172698
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 4.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
- Keywords
- antidepressants, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, long-term antidepressant treatment, neuroprotection, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, prescribing patterns, dementia risk
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Antidepressive Agents, Dementia, Denmark, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Registries, Risk, Time, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Age Distribution
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
