Cognitive impairment in the remitted state of unipolar depressive disorder: A systematic review
Abstract
Background It is unclear whether cognitive impairment is prevalent in the remitted state of unipolar disorder.Aim To evaluate whether cognitive function is impaired in the remitted state in patients with unipolar depression compared with healthy control individuals, and to investigate the association to prior course of illness, i.e. the number, duration and severity of prior depressive episodes.Method Systematic search on existing on-line databases and hand-search of original published papers.Results A total of 11 studies fulfilled the selection criteria and were included in the review, including a total of 500 patients remitted from unipolar depression and 471 healthy control individuals. In nine of the eleven studies performance on neuropsychological tests was found to be decreased in patients compared to healthy control individuals in at least one of the tests. Methodological drawbacks were prevalent including non-stringent definition of remission and non-correction for multiple testing. Only few studies investigated the association between cognition and prior course of illness and the results were divergent.Limitations Stringent criteria were used in the assessment of eligibility of studies. The studies were first and foremost selected according to the criteria for remission used.Conclusion Cognitive dysfunction seems to be present in individuals suffering from unipolar disorder in the remitted state. We recommend that future studies should focus on disentangling the state and trait characteristics of cognitive dysfunction in unipolar disorder and further clarify the associations with clinical phenotype, course of illness and subsyndromal psychopathology. Furthermore, there is a need to identify the cognitive difficulties in individuals suffering from unipolar disorder in relation to psychosocial function, quality of life and risk of recurrence and to assess the effect of treatment intervention on cognitive function.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Neurocognitive dysfunction is commonly reported during depressive episodes and even during remission.
“Neurocognitive dysfunction is commonly reported during depressive episodes and even during remission (Bora et al., 2013;Conradi et al., 2011;Hasselbalch et al., 2011).”
From Neurocognitive effects of theta burst stimulation for treatment-resistant depression in adults: A systematic review and recommendations for future research (2025) · cites this paper as Hasselbalch et al., 2011
Cognitive dysfunction is a core symptom of depression that can persist during the remitted state, worsens with increasing numbers of depressive episodes, and results in disrupted psychosocial functioning.
“As cognitive dysfunction is a core symptom of depression that can persist during the remitted state (Bora et al., 2013;Hasselbalch et al., 2011;Kaser et al., 2017), worsens with increasing numbers of depressive episodes (Hasselbalch et al., 2013), and results in disrupted psychosocial functioning (Hasselbalch et al., 2011;Kaser et al., 2017;McCall and Dunn, 2003)”
From Neurocognitive effects of theta burst stimulation for treatment-resistant depression in adults: A systematic review and recommendations for future research (2025) · cites this paper as Hasselbalch et al., 2011
A systematic review of 11 studies involving 500 adult patients in remission from major depressive disorder documented persistent deficits in sustained and selective attention, memory, and executive function, but heterogeneity prevented estimation of precise effect sizes.
“For example, a systematic review of 11 studies involving 500 adult patients in remission from MDD documented persistent deficits in sustained and selective attention, memory, and executive function. However, the heterogeneity across studies did not allow for the estimation of precise effect sizes [37].”
From Cognitive remission: a novel objective for the treatment of major depression? (2016) · cites this paper as [37]
Cognitive symptoms persist beyond the symptoms of low mood.
“Cognitive symptoms are seen in first-episode depression [6,8], persist beyond the symptoms of low mood [9-11], contribute to the risk of relapse [12], and worsen with repeated depressive episodes [13,14].”
From Wearable technology for high-frequency cognitive and mood assessment in major depressive disorder: longitudinal observational study (2019) · cites this paper as [9]
Cites
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817 · see citing works
Yatham, L. N., & Malhi, G. S. (2011) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780199562305.001.0001 · Cited by 3,515 · see citing works
Davenport, Y. B., Adland, M. L., Gold, P. W., & Goodwin, F. K. (1984) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(84)92810-1 · Cited by 2,925 · see citing works
Frank, E. (1991) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810330075011 · Cited by 1,959 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Criteria for the assessment of state of remission In 1988 the MacArthur Foundation Research Network on the Psychobiology of Depression task force described how inconsistencies in descriptions of change points in the course of illness in affective disorder might impede research in this field (Frank et al., 1991).”
Background'Vascular Depression' Hypothesis
Alexopoulos, G. S. (1997) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830220033006 · Cited by 1,843 · see citing works
Ownby, R. L., Crocco, E., Acevedo, A., John, V., & Loewenstein, D. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.5.530 · Cited by 1,493 · see citing works
Sheline, Y. I., Sanghavi, M., Mintun, M. A., & Gado, M. H. (1999) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-12-05034.1999 · Cited by 1,382 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Observations from brain imaging studies have suggested that the duration of depressive episodes is associated with atrophy in the CNS (Sheline et al., 1999).”
BackgroundCognitive deficits in depression: Possible implications for functional neuropathology
Austin, M.-P., Mitchell, P., & Goodwin, G. M. (2001) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.178.3.200 · Cited by 1,154 · see citing works
Bora, E., Yücel, M., & Pantelis, C. (2008) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.06.009 · Cited by 1,021 · see citing works
Depression and memory impairment: A meta-analysis of the association, its pattern, and specificity.
Burt, D. B., Zembar, M. J., & Niederehe, G. (1995) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.117.2.285 · Cited by 903 · see citing works
McKinnon, M. C., Yucel, K., Nazarov, A., & MacQueen, G. M. (2009) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1139/jpn.0905 · Cited by 742 · see citing works
Neuropsychology of bipolar disorder: a review
Quraishi, S. N., & Frangou, S. (2002) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00091-5 · Cited by 572 · see citing works
A preliminary profile of neuropsychological deficits associated with major depression
Veiel, H. O. F. (1997) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/01688639708403745 · Cited by 502 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Presently there is no general consensus on to which extent patients with affective disorders manifest global impairment of brain functions (Veiel, 1997; Kessing, 1998) or impairment within specific cognitive domains (Austin et al.”
BackgroundAttention and executive functions in remitted major depression patients
Paelecke-Habermann, Y., Pohl, J., & Leplow, B. (2005) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2005.09.006 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
Neurocognitive deficits and disability in major depressive disorder
Jaeger, J., Berns, S., Uzelac, S., & Davis-Conway, S. (2006) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2005.11.011 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Cognitive performance in tests sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction in the elderly depressed
Beats, B. C., Sahakian, B. J., & Levy, R. (1996) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700035662 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Kessing, L. V. (2004) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2003.031773 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Self-citationEvidence for continuing neuropsychological impairments in depression
Weiland-Fiedler, P., Erickson, K., Waldeck, T., Luckenbaugh, D. A., Pike, D., Bonne, O., Charney, D. S., & Neumeister, A. (2004) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2003.10.009 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Garde, E., Mortensen, E. L., Krabbe, K., Rostrup, E., & Larsson, H. B. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02604-0 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Fernandes, P., Ramaswamy, S., Marcil, W., & Petty, F. (2007) · xPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference · doi:10.1016/b978-008055232-3.60649-x · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Cognitive impairment in the euthymic phase of affective disorder
Kessing, L. V. (1998) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291798006862 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuropsychological function in young patients with unipolar major depression
PURCELL, R., MARUFF, P., KYRIOS, M., & PANTELIS, C. (1997) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291797005448 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
MRI and neuropsychological differences in early- and late-life-onset geriatric depression
Salloway, S., Malloy, P., Kohn, R., Gillard, E., Duffy, J., Rogg, J., Tung, G., Richardson, E., Thomas, C., & Westlake, R. (1996) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.46.6.1567 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Lithium Treatment and Risk of Dementia
Kessing, L. V., Søndergård, L., Forman, J. L., & Andersen, P. K. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.65.11.1331 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Self-citationThe cognitive neuropsychology of depression in the elderly
Herrmann, L. L., Goodwin, G. M., & Ebmeier, K. P. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707001134 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Cognitive deficits in major depression
Ravnkilde, B., Videbech, P., Clemmensen, K., Egander, A., Rasmussen, N. A., & Rosenberg, R. (2002) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/1467-9450.00292 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Zimmerman, M., Posternak, M. A., & Chelminski, I. (2004) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2004.03.007 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Does lithium protect against dementia?
Kessing, L. V., Forman, J. L., & Andersen, P. K. (2010) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00788.x · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Self-citationKessing, L. V. (2003) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00004-6 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Self-citationDuman, R. S. (2009) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2009.11.3/rsduman · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Clark, L., Sarna, A., & Goodwin, G. M. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.10.1980 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Clark, L., Kempton, M. J., Scarnà, A., Grasby, P. M., & Goodwin, G. M. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.007 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Smith, D. J., Muir, W. J., & Blackwood, D. H. (2006) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2006.00275.x · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Neuropsychological Dysfunction in Antipsychotic-Naive First-Episode Unipolar Psychotic Depression
Hill, S. K., Keshavan, M. S., Thase, M. E., & Sweeney, J. A. (2004) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.6.996 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Does Lithium Protect Against Dementia
Dubovsky, S. L. (2008) · Journal watch · doi:10.1056/jp200812220000002 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Neu, P., Bajbouj, M., Schilling, A. M., Godemann, F., Berman, R. M., & Schlattmann, P. (2004) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2004.06.004 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Cognitive deficits in the euthymic phase of unipolar depression
Preiss, M., Kucerova, H., Lukavsky, J., Stepankova, H., Sos, P., & Kawaciukova, R. (2009) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.06.042 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Cognitive function in unaffected twins discordant for affective disorder
CHRISTENSEN, M. V., KYVIK, K. O., & KESSING, L. V. (2006) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706007896 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationYuan, Y., Zhang, Z., Bai, F., Yu, H., Shi, Y., Qian, Y., Liu, W., You, J., Zhang, X., & Liu, Z. (2008) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.02.016 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
A Genetic Study of Affective Illness in Patients over 50
Hopkinson, G. (1964) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.110.465.244 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Kessing, L. V., Søndergård, L., Forman, J. L., & Andersen, P. K. (2009) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.11.020 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationExecutive dysfunction in medicated, remitted state of major depression
Nakano, Y., Baba, H., Maeshima, H., Kitajima, A., Sakai, Y., Baba, K., Suzuki, T., Mimura, M., & Arai, H. (2008) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2008.01.027 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Ficek, S. K., Blasey, C. M., & Schatzberg, A. F. (2003) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3956(03)00100-6 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
A longitudinal analysis of neurocognitive function in unipolar depression
Biringer, E., Mykletun, A., Sundet, K. S., Kroken, R. A., Stordal, K. I., & Lund, A. (2007) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803390601147686 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Predictors of recurrence in affective disorder
Kessing, L. V., Andersen, P. K., & Mortensen, P. B. (1998) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(97)00163-8 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationIs the Cutoff to Define Remission on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression Too High?
Zimmerman, M., Posternak, M. A., & Chelminski, I. (2005) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000154840.63529.5d · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Hippocampal volume changes in healthy subjects at risk of unipolar depression
Baaré, W. F. C., Vinberg, M., Knudsen, G. M., Paulson, O. B., Langkilde, A. R., Jernigan, T. L., & Kessing, L. V. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.12.009 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of lithium carbonate on the memory and motor speed of bipolar outpatients.
Shaw, E. D., Stokes, P. E., Mann, J. J., & Manevitz, A. (1987) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.96.1.64 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Time-related cognitive deficiency in four different types of depression
Neu, P., Kiesslinger, U., Schlattmann, P., & Reischies, F. M. (2001) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(01)00286-4 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Impact of psychiatric and medical comorbidity on cognitive function in depression
Baune, B. T., McAfoose, J., Leach, G., Quirk, F. H., & Mitchell, D. (2009) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01971.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Long‐term lithium treatment and psychological functions
Lund, Y., Nissen, M., & Rafaelsen, O. J. (1982) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1982.tb00843.x · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Smigan, L. (1985) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1985.tb01266.x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cognitive impairment in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Rock, P. L., Roiser, J. P., Riedel, W. J., & Blackwell, A. D. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713002535 · Cited by 2,161 · see citing works
Cognitive impairment in euthymic major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis
Bora, E., Harrison, B. J., Yücel, M., & Pantelis, C. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712002085 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
The effects of child abuse and neglect on cognitive functioning in adulthood
Gould, F., Clarke, J., Heim, C., Harvey, P. D., Majer, M., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2012) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.01.005 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Ahern, E., & Semkovska, M. (2017) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/neu0000319 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Cognitive dysfunction in unipolar depression: Implications for treatment
Trivedi, M. H., & Greer, T. L. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.09.012 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Systematic review of the neural basis of social cognition in patients with mood disorders
Cusi, A. M., Nazarov, A., Holshausen, K., MacQueen, G. M., & McKinnon, M. C. (2012) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.100179 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Cognitive remission: a novel objective for the treatment of major depression?
Bortolato, B., Miskowiak, K. W., Köhler, C. A., Maes, M., Fernandes, B. S., Berk, M., & Carvalho, A. F. (2016) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-016-0560-3 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Evans, V. C., Iverson, G. L., Yatham, L. N., & Lam, R. W. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.13r08939 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Woo, Y. S., Rosenblat, J. D., Kakar, R., Bahk, W.-M., & McIntyre, R. S. (2016) · Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience · doi:10.9758/cpn.2016.14.1.1 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Cognitive dysfunction in major depressive disorder: a state-of-the-art clinical review
Bortolato, B., Carvalho, A., & McIntyre, R. (2015) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871527313666141130203823 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Evidence for clinical progression of unipolar and bipolar disorders
Kessing, L. V., & Andersen, P. K. (2017) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12667 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Self-citationPehrson, A. L., & Sanchez, C. (2014) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852913000540 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Bortolato, B., F. Carvalho, A., K. Soczynska, J., I. Perini, G., & S. McIntyre, R. (2015) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x13666150630171433 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Cognitive impairment and neurocognitive profiles in major depression: A clinical perspective
Hammar, Å., Ronold, E. H., & Rekkedal, G. Å. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.764374 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Svendsen, A. M., Kessing, L. V., Munkholm, K., Vinberg, M., & Miskowiak, K. W. (2012) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039488.2011.626870 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationDeficit of cognitive inhibition in depressed elderly: a neurocognitive marker of suicidal risk
Richard-Devantoy, S., Jollant, F., Kefi, Z., Turecki, G., J.P.Olié, Annweiler, C., Beauchet, O., & Le Gall, D. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.03.006 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Vortioxetine: a novel antidepressant for the treatment of major depressive disorder
Gonda, X., Sharma, S. R., & Tarazi, F. I. (2019) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2019.1546691 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Ketamine as a promising prototype for a new generation of rapid‐acting antidepressants
Abdallah, C. G., Averill, L. A., & Krystal, J. H. (2015) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12718 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Cognitive Dysfunction in Depression – Pathophysiology and Novel Targets
Carvalho, A., Miskowiak, K., Hyphantis, T., Kohler, C., Alves, G., Bortolato, B., G. Sales, P., Machado-Vieira, R., Berk, M., & McIntyre, R. (2015) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871527313666141130203627 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Miskowiak, K. W., Vinberg, M., Christensen, E. M., Bukh, J. D., Harmer, C. J., Ehrenreich, H., & Kessing, L. V. (2014) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2013.335 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationCognitive impairment in major depression and the mGlu2 receptor as a therapeutic target
Goeldner, C., Ballard, T. M., Knoflach, F., Wichmann, J., Gatti, S., & Umbricht, D. (2013) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.08.001 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Greer, T. L., Grannemann, B. D., Chansard, M., Karim, A. I., & Trivedi, M. H. (2015) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.10.001 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Cormack, F., McCue, M., Taptiklis, N., Skirrow, C., Glazer, E., Panagopoulos, E., van Schaik, T. A., Fehnert, B., King, J., & Barnett, J. H. (2019) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/12814 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
mGlu2/3 Receptor Antagonists as Novel Antidepressants
Chaki, S. (2017) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2017.03.008 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Vortioxetine for cognitive enhancement in major depression: From animal models to clinical research
Bennabi, D., Haffen, E., & Van Waes, V. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00771 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Vieta, E., Sluth, L. B., & Olsen, C. K. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.11.053 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Cognitive dysfunction in major depression: From assessment to novel therapies
Atique-Ur-Rehman, H., & Neill, J. C. (2019) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.013 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Salagre, E., Solé, B., Tomioka, Y., Fernandes, B. S., Hidalgo-Mazzei, D., Garriga, M., Jimenez, E., Sanchez-Moreno, J., Vieta, E., & Grande, I. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.06.034 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Hasselbalch, B. J., Knorr, U., Hasselbalch, S. G., Gade, A., & Kessing, L. V. (2013) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2012.03.004 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationZhou, Z., Mao, F., Zhang, W., Towne, S. D., Wang, P., & Fang, Y. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16162877 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Lack of association between prior depressive episodes and cerebral [11C]PiB binding
Madsen, K., Hasselbalch, B. J., Frederiksen, K. S., Haahr, M. E., Gade, A., Law, I., Price, J. C., Knudsen, G. M., Kessing, L. V., & Hasselbalch, S. G. (2012) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.11.021 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationSoczynska, J. K., Ravindran, L. N., Styra, R., McIntyre, R. S., Cyriac, A., Manierka, M. S., & Kennedy, S. H. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.06.053 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Which cognitive domains are improved by treatment with vortioxetine?
Harrison, J. E., Lophaven, S., & Olsen, C. K. (2016) · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyw054 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Nuninga, J. O., Claessens, T. F. I., Somers, M., Mandl, R., Nieuwdorp, W., Boks, M. P., Bakker, S., Begemann, M. J. H., Heringa, S., & Sommer, I. E. C. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.06.040 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Liang, S., Yu, W., Ma, X., Luo, S., Zhang, J., Sun, X., Luo, X., & Zhang, Y. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.052 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Altered brain response to others’ pain in major depressive disorder
Fujino, J., Yamasaki, N., Miyata, J., Kawada, R., Sasaki, H., Matsukawa, N., Takemura, A., Ono, M., Tei, S., Takahashi, H., et al. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.04.058 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Chokka, P., Bougie, J., Rampakakis, E., & Proulx, J. (2019) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852918000913 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Bhome, R., Huntley, J. D., Price, G., & Howard, R. J. (2019) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546805.2019.1590190 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Miskowiak, K., Vinberg, M., Christensen, E. M., & Kessing, L. V. (2012) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039488.2012.658862 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationSystematic review of neurocognition and occupational functioning in major depressive disorder
Evans, V. C., Chan, S. S., Iverson, G. L., Bond, D. J., Yatham, L. N., & Lam, R. W. (2013) · Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.2217/npy.13.3 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Altered hippocampal subfield volumes in major depressive disorder with and without anhedonia
Wu, C., Jia, L., Mu, Q., Fang, Z., Hamoudi, H. J. A. S., Huang, M., Hu, S., Zhang, P., Xu, Y., & Lu, S. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05001-6 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Mac Giollabhui, N., Olino, T. M., Nielsen, J., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (2019) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702618794920 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Dealing with heterogeneity of cognitive dysfunction in acute depression: A clustering approach
Vicent-Gil, M., Portella, M. J., Serra-Blasco, M., Navarra-Ventura, G., Crivillés, S., Aguilar, E., Palao, D., & Cardoner, N. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720001567 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Mac Giollabhui, N., Alloy, L. B., Schweren, L. J. S., & Hartman, C. A. (2021) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.05.022 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Mikoteit, T., Hemmeter, U., Eckert, A., Brand, S., Bischof, R., Delini-Stula, A., Holsboer-Trachsler, E., & Beck, J. (2015) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000437439 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Functional cognitive disorders: identification and management
Poole, N. A., Cope, S. R., Bailey, C., & Isaacs, J. D. (2019) · BJPsych Advances · doi:10.1192/bja.2019.38 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Hutnyan, M., & McClintock, S. M. (2025) · Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.transm.2025.100088 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hasselbalch, B. J., Knorr, U., & Kessing, L. V.
- Affiliations
- Copenhagen University Hospital (DK)
- Rigshospitalet (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Hasselbalch, Bo Jacob
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-11
- Volume
- 134
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 20-31
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2103000760
- Semantic Scholar
- 2a03666c0675cf10ad2929a42c331d0981bc8bee
- Cited by
- 406
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 1.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- AstraZeneca
- Lundbeckfonden (R17-2007-1798)
- H. Lundbeck A/S
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Keywords
- cognitive impairment, major depressive disorder, remission, clinical course, neuropsychological performance, recurrence risk
- MeSH terms
- Cognition Disorders, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Recurrence, Case-Control Studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
