The prevalence and characteristics of complicated grief in older adults
Open accessAbstract
Background Complicated grief is a prolongation of the normal grieving process with distinct characteristics. It impairs mental and physical health and can potentially greatly impact the quality of life of sufferers and their families. The prevalence and characteristics of complicated grief in the general population are currently unclear. The aims of the present study were therefore to evaluate the prevalence of complicated grief in a population-based cohort, examine the overlap between anxiety and depression and identify common bereavement-related and socio-demographic characteristics.Methods Based within the Rotterdam Study, 5741 older adults were evaluated. Complicated grief was assessed with a 17-item Inventory of Complicated Grief.Results Prevalence within the general population was 4.8%. Current grief was reported by 1089 participants, and of these 277 (25.4%) were diagnosed with complicated grief. Inflated anxiety and depression rates were documented in people with complicated grief, but the vast majority remained free from co-morbidity. Time since bereavement and relationship to deceased, particularly when the source was a spouse or child, were predictive of complicated grief. People with complicated grief were older, had a lower level of education, and more cognitive impairment.Conclusions The prevalence of complicated grief in older adults in the general population was noteworthy. Several factors were predictive of complicated grief and it was demonstrated as a separate condition to anxiety and depression. These findings highlight the need for prevention, diagnosis and treatment options for older adults with complicated grief and for recognition of complicated grief as a distinct diagnosis.
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The ICG was used in a study measuring PGD at an average of 6.7 months post-loss with a prevalence of 25.4% and in a study at 26 months post-loss with a prevalence of 13.9%.
“For example, the ICG was used both in a study measuring PGD at an average of 6.7 months post-loss (Newson et al., 2011) resulting in a prevalence of 25.4% and in a study at 26 months post-loss (Li and Prigerson, 2016) showing a prevalence of PGD of 13.9%.”
From Prevalence of prolonged grief disorder in adult bereavement: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Newson et al., 2011
Section 4.2 reports that 25.4% of participants currently experiencing grief had complicated grief, measured using the ICG. Section 4.5 gives a mean time since bereavement of 6.73 for those diagnosed with complicated grief, but does not identify that figure as months or as the study-wide average. The 26-month, 13.9% finding is attributed to a different source and is not judged here. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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- Authors
- Newson, R. S., Boelen, P. A., Hek, K., Hofman, A., & Tiemeier, H.
- Affiliations
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Tiemeier, Henning
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-07
- Volume
- 132
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 231-238
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2005092613
- Cited by
- 281
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 17.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (publishedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Keywords
- complicated grief, bereavement, older adults, prevalence, anxiety, depression, comorbidities, cognitive impairment, educational attainment, Inventory of Complicated Grief, Rotterdam Study
- MeSH terms
- Adjustment Disorders, Age Factors, Aged, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Female, Grief, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Personality Assessment, Psychometrics, Socioeconomic Factors, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity
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