Postpartum fatigue and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background New parents are vulnerable to fatigue and depressive symptoms. Many studies have reported significant positive correlations between the two in postpartum parents, but the size of correlations varies considerably between studies. The relationship between postpartum fatigue and depression is yet to be systematically synthesized and meta-analyzed.Methods A PROSPERO registered systematic review and meta-analysis (CRD42017065240) was conducted on the correlation between fatigue and depression within the first two years postpartum in parents. Moderation analysis was used to examine the influence of demographic and measurement factors on the effect sizes.Results Thirty-five eligible papers were identified (34 on mothers, 1 on fathers). The meta-analytic summary effect size for simultaneously measured fatigue and depressive symptoms among women in the postpartum period was r = 0.52, 95% CI [0.45, 0.59], p < .001. There was a high degree of heterogeneity in the strength of the correlation between studies. This heterogeneity was not accounted for by demographic (e.g., infant age, maternal age, population type) or methodology (e.g., measurement) related moderators.Limitations Studies not reporting or providing correlation between fatigue and depression were not included. Unable to assess some moderators due to limited sample size.Conclusions There is a strong correlation between fatigue and depressive symptoms among women in the first two years after child-birth, but a high degree of heterogeneity in correlation strength exists between studies. Careful assessment of both fatigue and depression when either symptom is reported could facilitate accurate differential diagnosis and prioritizing treatment in postpartum women. Further implications for assessment, treatment, and future research are discussed.
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Disrupted parental sleep, presenting as post-partum fatigue and perceived as problematic infant sleep, is related to increased symptoms of depression and anxiety among new mothers and fathers.
“Disrupted parental sleep, presenting as post-partum fatigue and perceived as problematic infant sleep, is related to increased symptoms of depression and anxiety among new mothers and fathers.”
From Development and evaluation of ‘Sleep, Baby & You’—An approach to supporting parental well-being and responsive infant caregiving (2020) · cites this paper as [8]
Parental fatigue and sleep disruption can lead to the development of mood disorders in both mothers and fathers and exacerbate existing mental and physical health problems.
“There is also ample evidence that parental fatigue and sleep disruption can lead to the development of mood disorders in both mothers and fathers [3,5–8] and exacerbate existing mental and physical health problems [9,10].”
From Development and evaluation of ‘Sleep, Baby & You’—An approach to supporting parental well-being and responsive infant caregiving (2020) · cites this paper as [8]
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- Authors
- Wilson, N., Lee, J. J., & Bei, B.
- Affiliations
- Monash University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Bei, Bei
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-03
- Volume
- 246
- Pages
- 224-233
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2903687339
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6
- FWCI
- 1.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Monash University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Infant Health and Development
- Keywords
- postpartum fatigue, postpartum depression, depressive symptoms, mothers, fathers, effect size heterogeneity, differential diagnosis, postpartum period
- MeSH terms
- Depression, Fatigue, Female, Humans, Parents, Comorbidity, Depression, Postpartum, Postpartum Period
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