Associations between grip strength and generalized anxiety disorder in older adults: Results from the Irish longitudinal study on ageing
Abstract
Background Associations between grip strength and mental health disorders have been established; however, associations between grip strength and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) remain unstudied. Therefore, this study investigates associations between grip strength and prevalent and incident GAD.Methods A prospective cohort design was utilized. At baseline, participants aged ≥50 years (N = 3,952) completed a hand grip strength assessment and abbreviated Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) and were divided into sex-specific tertiles based on strength. A score of ≥23 on the PSWQ defined caseness of GAD. At two-year follow-up, GAD was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form.Results Prevalence and incidence of GAD were 18.2% (N = 718) and 0.9% (N = 29), respectively. Adjusting for age, sex, waist circumference, social class, smoking status, and physical activity, a one-standard-deviation (1-SD) increase in strength was associated (OR, 95%CI) with 12.1% (OR = 0.88, 0.80-0.96; p < 0.01) lower odds of prevalent GAD, and middle and high strength tertiles were associated with 27.3% (OR = 0.73, 0.59-0.89; p < 0.01) and 23.1% (OR = 0.77, 0.62-0.95; p < 0.05) lower odds, respectively. A 1-SD increase in strength was non-significantly associated with 24.2% (OR = 0.76, 0.50-1.14) lower odds of incident GAD, and middle and high strength tertiles were non-significantly associated with 31.4% (OR = 0.69, 0.30-1.58) and 66.5% (OR = 0.34, 0.11-1.00) lower odds, respectively (all p > 0.05). There was no significant interaction between strength tertiles and sex.Limitations The observational nature of the study limits inferring causality.Conclusions Increased hand grip strength may be associated with lower odds of developing GAD in older adults. Larger investigations of prospective associations are needed.
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Muscular strength and resistance training are protective against mental illness, even independently of general physical activity.
“it should also be noted that there is now some evidence that muscular strength and resistance training also are protective against mental illness, even independently of general physical activity 88-90 .”
From A meta-review of "lifestyle psychiatry": the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [89]
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- Authors
- Gordon, B. R., McDowell, C. P., Lyons, M., & Herring, M. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Limerick (IE)
- Corresponding author
- Gordon, Brett R.
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-08
- Volume
- 255
- Pages
- 136-141
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2945951561
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 5.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Irish Government (HRA_PHS/2012/30)
- Atlantic Philanthropies
- Irish Life PLC
- Health Research Board
- of Ireland
- Irish Research Council
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- grip strength, generalized anxiety disorder, older adults, mental health, muscle strength, Penn State Worry Questionnaire, anxiety prevalence, sex differences, Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, physical activity, smoking, waist circumference, social class
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aging, Anxiety Disorders, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Exercise, Incidence, Prevalence, Hand Strength
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