Physical activity and generalized anxiety disorder: results from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)
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Background: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is prevalent and costly. Physical activity (PA) may protect against other mental health disorders, including depression, but its protective effect on GAD remains under-studied in the general population and unstudied among older adults. Therefore, the present study examines associations between meeting World Health Organization PA guidelines (i.e. ≥150 min of moderate PA, ≥75 min of vigorous PA or ≥600MET min of moderate and vigorous PA weekly) and the prevalence of probable GAD and incidence of GAD. Methods: Participants (n = 3950; 56.2% female) aged ≥50 years completed the short-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the abbreviated Penn State Worry Questionnaire at baseline and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview - Short Form to clinically assess GAD 2 years later. Prospective analyses included participants without probable GAD at baseline (n = 3236). Results: Prevalence and incidence of GAD were 18.1% (n = 714) and 0.9% (n = 29), respectively. More respondents with GAD were female (72.2% vs 52.7%), aged 50-59 years (51.7% vs 38.7%), had normal waist circumference (52.7% vs 47.8) and smoked (20.4% vs 13.3%; all P <0.05). Meeting PA guidelines was associated with 25% and 63% lower odds of prevalent [odds ratio (OR) = 0.75, 95% confidence interval: 0.64 to 0.88] and incident (OR = 0.37, 0.17 to 0.85) GAD, respectively, in crude models, and 17% and 57% lower odds of prevalent (OR = 0.83, 0.70 to 0.98) and incident (OR = 0.43, 0.19 to 0.99) GAD, respectively, following adjustment for age, sex, waist circumference, social class and smoking. Conclusions: In addition to established physical health benefits of PA, the present findings support the importance of increasing PA at the population-level for mental health.
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Ward, M. D., O’Mahoney, P., & Kenny, R. A. (2021) · doi:10.38018/tildare.2021-01 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
McDowell, C. P., Wilson, K. E., Monroe, D. C., McCrory, C., Kenny, R. A., & Herring, M. P. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.124 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“These findings confirm previous findings from TILDA that showed lower odds of incident GAD at two-year follow-up among older adults meeting physical activity guidelines (McDowell et al., 2018).”
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“Physical activity was also divided into three categories: light PAL (<600 MET minutes/wk), moderate PAL (≥600 MET minutes/wk and <3000 MET minutes/wk), and vigorous PAL (≥3000 MET minutes/wk) [18,19].”
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Increased lifespan, decreased mortality, and delayed cognitive decline in osteoarthritis
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“Considering that the participants in both studies of McDowell 15,16 and the study of Herring 21 originated from the same database and overlapped at baseline time, we included only the study of Herring 21 (with the highest NOS score) when pooling the data from all studies to avoid double counting.”
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“Individuals with anxiety, depression, or related conditions are even less likely to do so [69,70].”
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“The odds reductions reported here are comparable to, but lower than, our previous report of associations of GAD among TILDA participants (McDowell et al., 2018).”
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“The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), was used to categorise activity in the previous 7 days as high, moderate, or low physical activity levels [37,38].”
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“Model 2 was additionally adjusted for lifestyle factors which may be related to mental disorders including BMI((49)), smoking((50)) and physical activity((51,52)).”
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“For example, in TILDA, physical activity has been associated with reduced odds of incident anxiety (58) and GAD (59), and short-term exercise training has improved the clinical severity of GAD among younger adults (60).”
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“However, people with generalized anxiety disorder are less likely to meet the minimum recommended levels of physical activity [18].”
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“…overall well-being, all of which have been linked to improving both f 1 = no, 2 = yes. g 1 = <15,000, 2 = 15,000 – 30,000, 3 = > 30,000. h physical and mental health outcomes and may contribute to higher levels of MHL (McDowell et al., 2018), which is advised for promoting within the youths.”
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“…(a) They were aged 50 – 75 years old, since individuals in this range face relatively more stress as a result of changes in their social roles (McDowell et al., 2018; Ortet et al., 2022) and seem to derive more benefit from taking part in physical activity (Cunningham et al., 2020; Lera-L ´…”
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“Both cross-sectional and prospective studies revealed that moderate physical activity reduces the risk of anxiety by 9.3% and 6.3%, respectively, lowering the prevalence and incidence of generalized anxiety disorder by 17%, even after adjusting for confounding variables [73,74].”
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“…well-being by reducing stress and anxiety, improving sleep, increasing functional capacity and engagement with surgical teams (Banugo and Amoako 2017; Barberan-Garcia et al. 2018; Gani et al. 2016; Shah et al. 2017; McDowell et al. 2018; Kramer 2020; Levy et al. 2021; Coca-Martinez et al. 2024).”
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“…a psychiatric disorder (currently or in the future) compared to their less active counterparts (Goodwin, 2003; Knox et al., 2006; Ma et al., 2023; McDowell, Dishman, Hallgren, et al., 2018; McDowell, Dishman, Vancamp-fort, et al., 2018; McDowell et al., 2019; Mikkelsen et al., 2010; Paffenbarger…”
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“An additional longitudinal study found that meeting PA guidelines was associated with both a decreased prevalence and incidence of general anxiety disorder (GAD) in Irish adults over the age of 50 [22].”
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OS IMPACTOS DA PRÁTICA DE ATIVIDADES FÍSICAS EM PACIENTES COM TRANSTORNO DE ANSIEDADE GENERALIZADA
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- Authors
- McDowell, C. P., Dishman, R. K., Vancampfort, D., Hallgren, M., Stubbs, B., MacDonncha, C., & Herring, M. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Limerick (IE)
- University of Georgia (US)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- King's College London (GB)
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Corresponding author
- McDowell, Cillian P
- Venue
- International Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2018-07-03
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1443-1453
- ISSN
- 0300-5771 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-3685
- OpenAlex
- W2899140517
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 5.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Irish Government
- Health Research Board of Ireland (HRA_PHS/2012/30)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Keywords
- physical activity, generalized anxiety disorder, older adults, WHO physical activity guidelines, anxiety prevalence, mental health, smoking, waist circumference, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Anxiety Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Ireland, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, World Health Organization, Exercise, Incidence, Prevalence, Logistic Models, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution
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