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Cited by 20Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and PostpartumMaternal and Neonatal HealthcareFamily Dynamics and Relationships

Depressive Symptoms in Expecting Fathers: Is Paternal Perinatal Depression a Valid Concept? A Systematic Review of Evidence

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Mazza, Marianna, Kotzalidis, Georgios D., Avallone, Carla, Balocchi, Marta, Sessa, Ilenia, De Luca, Ilaria, Hirsch, Daniele, Simonetti, Alessio +13 more·2022·Journal of Personalized Medicine
DOI 10.3390/jpm12101598PMC PMC9605090
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Abstract

Background. Since the identification of Couvade syndrome in the late 1950s, little attention has been dedicated to the issue of depression in expecting fathers. Objective. To quantify the extent of depression in expecting fathers and find out if they match their pregnant partners’ depression. Methods. We conducted a PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov search using paternal depression and all its variants as terms. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement to include eligible studies. Results. We identified a grand total of 1443 articles, of which 204 were eligible. The total number of fathers/expecting fathers involved was 849,913. Longitudinal studies represented more than half of the included studies; more than three-quarters of the studies used the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). The average occurrence of paternal depression was around 5%, which confers the entity some clinical dignity. Depression tends to occur more in expecting women and new mothers than in expecting partners or new fathers, while the co-occurrence in the same couple is quite low. Limitations. The methodological heterogeneity of the included studies prevents us from meta-analyzing the obtained data. The validity of the instruments used is another issue. Conclusions. Paternal depression is distinct from maternal depression and occurs at lower rates (about half). The very existence of a paternal depression clinical entity is beyond any doubt. Future research should address methodological heterogeneity.

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Mazza, M., Kotzalidis, G. D., Avallone, C., Balocchi, M., Sessa, I., De Luca, I., Hirsch, D., Simonetti, A., Janiri, D., Loi, E., Marano, G., Albano, G., Fasulo, V., Borghi, S., del Castillo, A. G., Serio, A. M., Monti, L., Chieffo, D., Angeletti, G., Janiri, L., & Sani, G.
Affiliations
  • Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
  • Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic (IT)
  • Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
  • Unit of Clinical Psychology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
  • Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea (IT)
Corresponding author
Kotzalidis, Georgios D.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Personalized Medicine
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-09-28
Volume
12
Issue
10
Pages
1598
ISSN
2075-4426 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/jpm12101598
PMC
PMC9605090
OpenAlex
W4297477490
Cited by
20
References
21
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3
FWCI
0.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Personalized Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
  • PubliCatt (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
  • Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
Keywords
paternal depression, expectant fathers, perinatal depression, couvade syndrome, maternal depression, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, depression prevalence

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