Mental health and its correlates among children and adolescents during COVID-19 school closure: The importance of parent-child discussion
Open accessAbstract
Background School closures due to the COVID-19 outbreak have affected 87% of the world's students physically, socially, and psychologically, yet rigorous investigation into their mental health during this period is still lacking. Methods A cross-sectional online survey of 4-342 primary and secondary school students from Shanghai, China was conducted during March 13-23, 2020. Besides demographic information, psychological distress (including depression, anxiety, and stress), life satisfaction, perceived impact of home quarantine, and parent-child discussions on COVID-19 were assessed. Results The three most prevalent symptoms were: anxiety (24.9%), depression (19.7%), and stress (15.2%). Participants were generally satisfied with life and 21.4% became more satisfied with life during school closures. Senior grades were positively correlated with psychopathological symptoms and negatively associated with life satisfaction, whereas the perceived benefit from home quarantine and parent-child discussions on COVID-19 were negatively correlated with psychopathological symptoms and positively correlated with life satisfaction. Among participants who perceived no benefit from home quarantine, those who had discussions with their parents about COVID-19 experienced less depression, anxiety, and stress. Limitations Limitations included the inability to infer the casual relationship, no parental report for mental health of children aged 6 to 9, and the inadequate measurement of parent-child discussion. Conclusions Mental health problems and resilience co-existed in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 outbreak. Given the important role of parent-child discussions, open communication between parents and children about the pandemic should be encouraged to help children and adolescents cope with mental health problems in public health crisis.
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In an unfamiliar situation of home-quarantine, children do not always know how to communicate their fears and anxieties.
“In an unfamiliar situation of home-quarantine, children do not always know how to communicate their fears and anxieties [31].”
From COVID-19-Related Anxiety Symptoms among Quarantined Adolescents and Its Impact on Sleep Pattern Changes and Somatic Symptoms (2022) · cites this paper as [31]
The Introduction (page unavailable) discusses children’s concerns and anxiety during home confinement, and the Discussion reports anxiety among children experiencing home quarantine. Neither passage says that children do not know how to communicate their fears or anxieties; the paper instead examines whether parents discussed COVID-19 with them. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe review identified five studies on children and adolescents.
“our findings of five studies on children and 16 studies on college students”
From Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 among Children and College Students: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [17]
The five child and adolescent studies were all cross-sectional and conducted in China.
“Five studies remained, which were all cross-sectional studies, conducted in China, and the variables most commonly measured were depression and anxiety [14–18].”
From Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 among Children and College Students: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [17]
The child and adolescent studies most commonly measured depression and anxiety.
“the variables most commonly measured were depression and anxiety [14–18]”
From Mental Health Impact of COVID-19 among Children and College Students: A Systematic Review (2023) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Tang, S., Xiang, M., Cheung, T., & Xiang, Y.-T.
- Affiliations
- Shenzhen University (CN)
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University (CN)
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
- University of Macau (MO)
- Corresponding author
- Tang, Suqin
- Xiang, Mi
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 279
- Pages
- 353-360
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7550131
- OpenAlex
- W3092386566
- Cited by
- 628
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 84 · 2023: 144 · 2022: 208 · 2021: 115 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 46.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Shenzhen University
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, school closures, child and adolescent mental health, psychological distress, depression, anxiety, stress, life satisfaction, parent-child communication, home quarantine, resilience, pandemic coping
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Adolescent, Anxiety, Child, China, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Parent-Child Relations, Parents, Quarantine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Schools, Students, Pandemics
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