Cognitive performance and informant reports in the diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia in African Americans and whites
Open accessAbstract
Background: The diagnosis of cognitive impairment and dementia must reflect an increasingly diverse and aging United States population. This study compared direct testing and informant reports of cognition with clinical diagnoses of cognitive impairment and dementia between African Americans and whites. Methods: Participants in the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study completed in‐person dementia evaluations, and were assigned clinical diagnoses (by a consensus panel of dementia experts) of normal; cognitive impairment, not demented (CIND); and dementia. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) total score and the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) were used to assess cognitive performance and reported cognitive decline. Results: A higher CERAD total score was associated with lower odds of CIND and dementia, at comparable ratios between African Americans and whites. Higher IQCODE scores were associated with increased odds of dementia in both African Americans and whites. Higher IQCODE scores were associated with increased odds of CIND among whites, but not among African Americans. Conclusions: Cultural differences may influence informant reports of prevalent CIND and dementia. Our findings also highlight the need for more comparative research to establish the cultural validity of measures used to diagnose these conditions.
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Most other prevalence studies indicate that Black older adults are about twice as likely to have Alzheimer's or other dementias as White older adults.
“Most other prevalence studies also indicate that Black older adults are about twice as likely to have Alzheimer's or other dementias as White older adults.”
From 2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2023) · cites this paper as [298]
The Introduction says some studies found Alzheimer’s disease and dementia prevalence approximately twice as high among African Americans as among whites. It does not say most studies found this: it describes the overall findings as ranging from comparable to higher rates and notes that other studies partly explained the difference through demographic and other factors. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMost other prevalence studies indicate that Black older adults are about twice as likely to have Alzheimer's or other dementias as White older adults.
“In line with these observations, most other prevalence studies indicate that Black older adults are about twice as likely to have Alzheimer's or other dementias as White older adults.”
From 2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2024) · cites this paper as [324]
The Introduction reports that some studies found Alzheimer’s disease and dementia prevalence approximately twice as high among African Americans as among whites. It does not say most studies found this: it summarizes the literature as showing comparable-to-higher rates, with variation potentially attributable to other factors. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Potter, G. G., Plassman, B. L., Burke, J. R., Kabeto, M. U., Langa, K. M., Llewellyn, D. J., Rogers, M. A. M., & Steffens, D. C.
- Affiliations
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Potter, Guy G.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Alzheimer's & Dementia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 445-453
- ISSN
- 1552-5260 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5279
- PMC
- PMC2805266
- OpenAlex
- W2091707237
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Alzheimer s & Dementia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (U01 AG09740, R01 AG027010)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Historical and Modern Theater Studies
- Keywords
- cognitive impairment, dementia diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Black or African American, Cognition Disorders, Culture, Dementia, Disability Evaluation, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Population Surveillance, Predictive Value of Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Registries, Sensitivity and Specificity, Cohort Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Observer Variation, Prevalence, Caregivers, Age of Onset, White People
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