Current and past leisure time physical activity in relation to risk of Alzheimer's disease in older adults
Open accessAbstract
Introduction: The associations between self‐reported current and past leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) incidence were determined using data from the multiethnic Washington/Hamilton Heights‐Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP) study. Methods: The metabolic equivalent of LTPA energy expenditure was calculated for self‐reported current and past LTPA for 1345 older adults. A Cox proportional hazard model was conducted to estimate the association between LTPA (low, middle, and high) and incident AD risk. Results: Comparing high to low level, current and past LTPA were both associated with reduced AD risk, with hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) = 0.39 (0.20–0.75) and 0.37 (0.18–0.75), respectively. Compared with “always low,” “increased” and “always high” LTPA throughout life were associated with reduced AD risk, with hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) = 0.60 (0.36–0.99) and 0.28 (0.08–0.94), respectively. Light‐ and moderate‐intensity LTPA were associated with lower AD risk. Discussion: LTPA both throughout life and later in life are associated with lower risk of AD.
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Physical activity appears to decrease risk of dementia.
“In contrast, physical activity appears to decrease risk. [119][120]0][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128]”
From 2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2023) · cites this paper as [119]
The Discussion reports that leisure-time physical activity is associated with lower Alzheimer’s disease risk, and the Introduction identifies Alzheimer’s as the most common type of dementia. The study does not establish a reduction in risk for dementia generally or show that physical activity causes the reduction. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPhysical activity reduces risk of cardiovascular disease and may also reduce risk of dementia.
“Physical activity is an example of a modifiable factor that reduces risk of cardiovascular disease and may also reduce risk of dementia.”
From 2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2024) · cites this paper as [123]
The Results (no page supplied) associate higher leisure-time physical activity with lower Alzheimer’s disease risk in older adults, supporting the hedged dementia-risk point. The paper does not report a cardiovascular-disease outcome or state in its main text that physical activity reduces cardiovascular-disease risk; a cardiovascular-prevention work appears only in the References (no page supplied). (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredEating a heart-healthy diet and increasing physical activity could delay the onset of AD.
“Collectively, this suggests that eating a heart-healthy diet [172,173,174,175,176] and increasing physical activity [177,178,179,180] could delay the onset of AD.”
From Mitochondrial Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress and Alzheimer Disease (2020) · cites this paper as [179]
Remaining socially and mentally active throughout life may support brain health and possibly reduce the risk of Alzheimer's and other dementias.
“Additional studies suggest that remaining socially and mentally active throughout life may support brain health and possibly reduce the risk of Alzheimer's and other dementias.119,[169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176]”
From 2023 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2023) · cites this paper as [119]
The Results and Discussion (pages unavailable) link leisure-time physical activity throughout life with lower Alzheimer’s disease risk, but do not assess remaining socially or mentally active. Searches for social and mental activity found only references to other studies, not a finding in this paper about those activities or their effect on dementia risk. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRemaining socially and cognitively active throughout life may support brain health and possibly reduce the risk of Alzheimer's and other dementias.
“Additional studies suggest that remaining socially and cognitively active throughout life may support brain health and possibly reduce the risk of Alzheimer's and other dementias.”
From 2024 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2024) · cites this paper as [123]
The Discussion and Conclusion link leisure-time physical activity throughout life—not social or cognitively stimulating activity—to lower Alzheimer’s risk. Searches for social engagement and cognitively stimulating activities found only reference titles, not findings reported by this paper; our copy therefore does not establish the attributed claim about those activities or other dementias. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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“We did not examine types of LTPA, but a previous study showed the amount of activity (energy expenditure), rather than the type of activity, was more important [50].”
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- Authors
- Ogino, E., Manly, J. J., Schupf, N., Mayeux, R., & Gu, Y.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gu, Yian
- Venue
- Alzheimer's & Dementia
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-10-03
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1603-1611
- ISSN
- 1552-5260 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5279
- PMC
- PMC6948182
- OpenAlex
- W2979248397
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7
- FWCI
- 7.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Alzheimer s & Dementia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR001873)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- leisure-time physical activity, Alzheimer's disease
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alzheimer Disease, Ethnicity, Female, Humans, Leisure Activities, Longitudinal Studies, Male, New York City, Socioeconomic Factors, Exercise, Incidence, Self Report
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