Eye tracking and physiological reactivity to threatening stimuli in posttraumatic stress disorder
Open accessAbstract
This study tested the vigilance-avoidance model of anxiety and attention bias in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study used eye tracking technology to record initial fixations, pupil dilation, fixation time and concurrent skin conductance response to examine initial orienting towards threat stimuli and subsequent fixations. Twenty-one traumatized participants (11 diagnosed with PTSD and 10 trauma-exposed participants without PTSD) viewed 32 stimuli (with four words in each quadrant). Sixteen trials contained a trauma-relevant word in one quadrant and 16 had four neutral words. PTSD patients reported significantly greater number of initial fixations to trauma words, and a greater number of skin conductance responses to initial threat fixations. There were no significant differences in subsequent fixations to trauma words between groups. Although this study provides evidence of attentional bias towards threat that is accompanied by specific autonomic arousal, it does not indicate subsequent avoidance of threat stimuli in PTSD.
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Threats related to traumatic events present greater urgency and danger compared to spiders, and thus may be more difficult to ignore.
“Threats related to traumatic events (combat: Kimble et al., 2012; physical assault: Felmingham et al., 2011) present greater urgency and danger compared to spiders, and thus may be more difficult to ignore.”
From Eye tracking of attention in the affective disorders: a meta-analytic review and synthesis (2012) · cites this paper as Felmingham et al., 2011
PTSD is characterized by a strong bias towards potentially threatening stimuli.
“PTSD has been found to be characterized by a strong bias towards potentially threat ening stimuli 108-110 .”
From Post‐traumatic stress disorder: a state‐of‐the‐art review of evidence and challenges (2019) · cites this paper as [110]
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- Authors
- Felmingham, K. L., Rennie, C., Manor, B., & Bryant, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Westmead Hospital (AU)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Felmingham, Kim L.
- Venue
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-06
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 668-673
- ISSN
- 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1994483840
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 5.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Locations
- Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eCite Digital Repository (University of Tasmania) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, attentional bias to threat, eye tracking, pupil dilation, skin conductance response, autonomic arousal, trauma-exposed individuals, fixation patterns
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Arousal, Attention, Eye Movements, Female, Galvanic Skin Response, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Photic Stimulation, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Chi-Square Distribution, Eye Movement Measurements
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