Heightened attentional capture by threat in veterans with PTSD.
Open accessAbstract
Although an attentional bias for threat-relevant cues has been theorized in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), to date empirical demonstration of this phenomenon has been at best inconsistent. Furthermore, the nature of this bias in PTSD has not been clearly delineated. In the present study, veterans with PTSD (n = 20), trauma-exposed veterans without PTSD (n = 16), and healthy nonveteran controls (n = 22) completed an emotional attentional blink task that measures the extent to which emotional stimuli capture and hold attention. Participants searched for a target embedded within a series of rapidly presented images. Critically, a combat-related, disgust, positive, or neutral distracter image appeared 200 ms, 400 ms, 600 ms, or 800 ms before the target. Impaired target detection was observed among veterans with PTSD relative to both veterans without PTSD and healthy nonveteran controls after only combat-related threat distracters when presented 200 ms, 400 ms, or 600 ms before the target, indicating increased attentional capture by cues of war and difficulty disengaging from such cues for an extended period. Veterans without PTSD and healthy nonveteran controls did not significantly differ from each other in target detection accuracy after combat-related threat distracters. These data support the presence of an attentional bias toward combat related stimuli in PTSD that should be a focus of treatment efforts.
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Combat-exposed veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder showed a strong attentional blink for combat images relative to healthy controls.
“One of the most powerful examples of these lingering biases of attention is seen in AB tasks in which combat-exposed veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder showed a strong AB for combat images relative to healthy controls (Olatunji, Armstrong, McHugo, & Zald, 2013; cf. Smith, Most, Newsome, & Zald, 2006; for a review, see McHugo, Olatunji, & Zald, 2013).”
From Selection history: How reward modulates selectivity of visual attention. (2018) · cites this paper as Olatunji, Armstrong, McHugo, & Zald, 2013
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Cortical gyrification morphology in PTSD: A neurobiological risk factor for severity?
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Trait Anxiety Influences Negative Affect-modulated Distribution of Visuospatial Attention
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Emotional stimuli similarly disrupt attention in both visual fields
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- Authors
- Olatunji, B. O., Armstrong, T., McHugo, M., & Zald, D. H.
- Affiliations
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 2013-05
- Volume
- 122
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 397-405
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- PMC
- PMC4104529
- OpenAlex
- W2137287841
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 3.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH064913)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, attentional bias, threat processing, attentional capture, veterans, attentional disengagement, disgust, trauma exposure
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Attention, Cues, Female, Humans, Male, Military Personnel, Photic Stimulation, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, United States, Veterans, Case-Control Studies, Iraq War, 2003-2011, Afghan Campaign 2001-
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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