Cited by 373CRISPR and Genetic EngineeringGenetically Modified Organisms ResearchPlant Molecular Biology Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 141 of the 147 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

CRISPR/Cas: A powerful tool for gene function study and crop improvement

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Zhang, Dangquan, Zhang, Zhiyong, Unver, Turgay, Zhang, Baohong·2021·Journal of Advanced Research

Abstract

It is a long-standing goal of scientists and breeders to precisely control a gene for studying its function as well as improving crop yield, quality, and tolerance to various environmental stresses. The discovery and modification of CRISPR/Cas system, a nature-occurred gene editing tool, opens an era for studying gene function and precision crop breeding. In this review, we first introduce the brief history of CRISPR/Cas discovery followed the mechanism and application of CRISPR/Cas system on gene function study and crop improvement. Currently, CRISPR/Cas genome editing has been becoming a mature cutting-edge biotechnological tool for crop improvement that already used in many different traits in crops, including pathogen resistance, abiotic tolerance, plant development and morphology and even secondary metabolism and fiber development. Finally, we point out the major issues associating with CRISPR/Cas system and the future research directions. Key Scientific Concepts of Review: CRISPR/Cas9 system is a robust and powerful biotechnological tool for targeting an individual DNA and RNA sequence in the genome. It can be used to target a sequence for gene knockin, knockout and replacement as well as monitoring and regulating gene expression at the genome and epigenome levels by binding a specific sequence. Agrobacterium-mediated method is still the major and efficient method for delivering CRISPR/Cas regents into targeted plant cells. However, other delivery methods, such as virus-mediated method, have been developed and enhanced the application potentials of CRISPR/Cas9-based crop improvement. PAM requirement offers the CRISPR/Cas9-targted genetic loci and also limits the application of CRISPR/Cas9. Discovering new Cas proteins and modifying current Cas enzymes play an important role in CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing. Developing a better CRISPR/Cas9 system, including the delivery system and the methods eliminating off-target effects, and finding key/master genes for controlling crop growth and development is two major directions for CRISPR/Cas9-based crop improvement.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.jare.2020.10.003

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Graphical abstract
Graphical abstract CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Fig. 1 Application of CRISPR/Cas genome editing in gene functional study. CRISPR/Cas system has a diversity of application in gene functional study. Based the DNA double strand break (DSB) repair mechanism, CRISPR can directly cause gene knockout (silencing) by insertion or deletion of a couple of nucleotides and repaired by non-homologous end join (EHEJ); however, if the homologue-directed repair (HDR) happed, with a DNA donor, CRISPR/Cas genome editing can be used to replace an undesirable gene or over express (knockin) and an individual gene. If deactivating the Cas9 enzyme, and with transcription effector or other enzymes fused with the dCas9, CRISPR/Cas system also can be used to base editing, epigenome editing and imaging.
Fig. 1 Application of CRISPR/Cas genome editing in gene functional study. CRISPR/Cas system has a diversity of application in gene functional study. Based the DNA double strand break (DSB) repair mechanism, CRISPR can directly cause gene knockout (silencing) by insertion or deletion of a couple of nucleotides and repaired by non-homologous end join (EHEJ); however, if the homologue-directed repair (HDR) happed, with a DNA donor, CRISPR/Cas genome editing can be used to replace an undesirable gene or over express (knockin) and an individual gene. If deactivating the Cas9 enzyme, and with transcription effector or other enzymes fused with the dCas9, CRISPR/Cas system also can be used to base editing, epigenome editing and imaging.CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Fig. 2 Application of CRISPR/Cas genome editing in crop improvement, CRISPR/Cas is a robust tool and have huge potentials on crop improvement. Though targeting an individual DNA sequence, CRISPR/Cas can be used to add and/or change the expression of an individual gene that controls plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses as well as plant growth and development. CRISPR/Cas also can change the secondary metabolism for controlling the biosynthesis of protein, carbohydrate, oil, and functional components. Partial figures are modified from previous publications [74], [108].
Fig. 2 Application of CRISPR/Cas genome editing in crop improvement, CRISPR/Cas is a robust tool and have huge potentials on crop improvement. Though targeting an individual DNA sequence, CRISPR/Cas can be used to add and/or change the expression of an individual gene that controls plant tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses as well as plant growth and development. CRISPR/Cas also can change the secondary metabolism for controlling the biosynthesis of protein, carbohydrate, oil, and functional components. Partial figures are modified from previous publications [74], [108].CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Martyn, 1991, Resistance to races 0, 1, and 2 of Fusarium wilt of watermelon in Citrullus sp, PI-296341 -FR., 26, 429
  2. Zhang, 2016, Efficient and transgene-free genome editing in wheat through transient expression of CRISPR/Cas9 DNA or RNA, Nat Commun, 7, 12617, 10.1038/ncomms12617 · DOI
  3. Hu, 2018, Evolved Cas9 variants with broad PAM compatibility and high DNA specificity, Nature, 556, 57, 10.1038/nature26155 · DOI · Paper page

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Metadata

Authors
Zhang, D., Zhang, Z., Unver, T., & Zhang, B.
Affiliations
  • Henan Agricultural University (CN)
  • Henan Institute of Science and Technology (CN)
  • East Carolina University (US)
Corresponding author
  • Zhang, Dangquan
  • Zhang, Zhiyong
  • Zhang, Baohong
Venue
Journal of Advanced Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2021-03
Volume
29
Pages
207-221
ISSN
  • 2090-1224 (ISSN-L)
  • 2090-1232
OpenAlex
W3094156280
Cited by
373
References
147
Citations by year
2026: 53 · 2025: 95 · 2024: 93 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 18
FWCI
3.16
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Advanced Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China (31172257, 31571600, 31271648)
  • Science and Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province (114100510008)
  • Cotton Incorporated
  • National Science Foundation (1658709)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetically Modified Organisms Research
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
Keywords
CRISPR/Cas9, genome editing, gene function, crop improvement, precision breeding, pathogen resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, plant development, secondary metabolism, fiber development, protospacer adjacent motif, off-target effects, Cas proteins, gene knock-in, gene knockout, epigenome editing
MeSH terms
Plant Breeding, Gene Editing, Agriculture, Humans, Phenotype, Stress, Physiological, Gene Targeting, Crops, Agricultural, Genome, Plant, Plants, Genetically Modified, Gene Knock-In Techniques, Agrobacterium, Plant Development, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, CRISPR-Cas Systems

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