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Schema modes and childhood abuse in borderline and antisocial personality disorders
Abstract
Complex personality disorders (PDs) have been hypothesized to be characterized by alternating states of thinking, feeling and behavior, the so-called schema modes (Young, Klosko, & Weishaar (2003). Schema therapy: A practioner's guide. New York: Guilford). The present study tested the applicability of this model to borderline personality disorders (BPD) and antisocial personality disorders (APD), and related it to a presumed common etiological factor, childhood trauma. Sixteen patients with BPD, 16 patients with APD and 16 nonpatient controls (all 50% of both sexes) completed a Schema Mode Questionnaire assessing cognitions, feelings and behaviors characteristic of six schema modes. Participants were interviewed to retrace abusive sexual, physical and emotional events before the age of 18. BPD as well as APD participants were characterized by four maladaptive modes (Detached Protector, Punitive Parent, Abandoned/Abused Child and Angry Child). APD displayed most characteristics of the Bully/Attack mode, though not significantly different from BPD. The Healthy Adult mode was of low presence in BPD and of high presence in APD and the nonpatients. Frequency and severity of the three kinds of abuse were equally high in both PD groups, and significantly higher than in nonpatients.
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“Extreme shifts in emotions, cognitions, and behaviors that are present in DID also appear in other disorders that are related to severe and prolonged childhood abuse, such as BPD; ST delivers tools for dealing with these shifts (20).”
From Schema therapy for Dissociative Identity Disorder: a case report (2023) · cites this paper as [20]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lobbestael, J., Arntz, A., & Sieswerda, S.
- Affiliations
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Lobbestael, Jill
- Venue
- Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-09
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 240-253
- ISSN
- 0005-7916 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2158010859
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 6.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- schema modes, borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, childhood abuse, childhood trauma, schema therapy, emotional abuse, physical abuse
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, Child, Child Abuse, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parent-Child Relations, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Punishment, Surveys and Questionnaires, Severity of Illness Index, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Reproducibility of Results, Parenting
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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